Dept. Mines & Resource,s BUREAU OF MINES A PR 30 1945 LIBRARY t-t Claudia Erpartinntt of Mingo attb earturrts MINES AND GEOLOGY BRANCH BUREAU OF MINES PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SURVEY OF COALS FROM CANADIAN COLLIERIES (Number Four) —NEW BRUNSWICK- MINTO COALFIELD BY E. SWARTZMAN. J. H. H. NICOLLS, E. J. BURROUGH AND R. E. GILMORE Memorandum Series No. 89 December, 1944 eburgoyn Black BUREAU OF MINES MINES AND GEOLOGY BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES OTTAWA PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SURVeY OF COALS FROM CANADIAN COLLIERIES (Nubber Four) . - NEW BRUNSWICK - Minto Coalfield by E. Sifiartzman J.H.H. Nieolls, E.J. iirrough and R.E. Gilmore Memorandum Series No. 89 December, 1944 1 2 3 4 5 . . ***** • • CONTENTS Forward ***** • ***** 11> • 411 • • • • Introductory ••• ***** • ••.• ****** Chapter / Description of Coalfield and.Seam . . . . Minto.Area • • • • Chipman Area • • • Chapter II . Description of Mines . . . . , . . . . . . . . 7 • North Minto District * ' 7 The Minuo Coal Co. Ltd. - West Slope Mine.. . . . • • 7 Miramichi Lumber Co. Ltd. - No.15 Shaft . . . • . . . 9 • South Minto District . . . . . . ****** 10 The Minto Coal Co. Ltd. - Tweedie Mine s . • ..... 10 • W. Benton Evans - Shaft B 3. . ., • •• • . • . . . 11 • Avon Coal Co. Ltd. - Shafts No. 2428 12 • Harvey Welt-on Ltd. - No. 9 Mine 13 Welton &.Henderson Ltd. - Kelley Nol Mine 14 C.S. Yeamans - Shafts Nos. 1, 2, & 3. . . . •. .. • 15 Newcastle Bridge District . . , . . . . . • 17 Newcastle Coal Co. - No. 2 Mine. . . . • 17 Welton & Henderson Ltd. - Black Diamond Mines . . . • 18 McDougal, John G. - Shaft No. 5 • • • • . . 19 Chibman Area. ..... . . . . . . . .. . 20 Geo. Ja. Myles & Co. - Slope No. 1. . . 20 . • •Long Creek Strip 21 . • Burpee Strip . . . . ... . . 21 - . Pennlyn• Coal Co; Ltd. - Broderick Strip 22 King U.G. - Shaft No. 5 . 23 Chapter III Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Cals from the Minto Coalfield • 25 North Minto District 27 West Slope Mine . . . . . . • • • 4, • • • 27 West Slope Mine (Crushed Mine Run) . . . • . . • • Zi& Miramichi No. 15 . . 0 South Minto District . II • • • 0 47 Tweedie Mines . • • • • • • '47 Rothvell Mine, B 3 Shaft. . • . . • . 5 1e Avon Minss - 6h^fts 26&28 . . . 61 'Winterport Mine (Avon). . 68 Welton No. 9 Mine . . . . . (continued) Page Kelley No. 1 Mine. Yeamans Nos. 1,2 &,3 Mines 90 Newcastle Bridge District. • . 98 Newcastle No. 2 Mine 98 Black Diamond Mines . . . . ... .. 106 McDougal Shaft No. 5. . • . . • 114 Chipman Area .... • • 123• • • • • • • 123 131 139 14, 157 :Chaibter rv ; . . . • : - -. Summary and Discussion of liesults - . . - 160 :., Physical Properties - . .-... . 160 ' , Chemical Properties. .. ..... .. • . • ; 167 Classification'Cy Rank; . • - . . . . 177 Washing Characterirstics .. . . . .. .-. .. . 178 Coking PropertieS - .. • • •..- . .., . , • • • , .. • . .• 183 ' Appendix . • . , _Description and,Significancé of Tests Employed in .Physical:and-Chemical Survey of Coals from Canadian Collibries• - • A-1 Tests for Physical Properties. . ... A-1 - : Testa for Chemical (and. Physica-chemical)Properitieà. • • A-4 Classification of Cbals by Rank A-10 • -Coking Properties . . . A-12 • Laboratory Washing Tests . . A-13 Jvele.s Slope No. 1 . ,Long Creek.Strip . . . Burpée StrIp' - Broderick Strip . .. . , . . , King shaft No. 5 ... .. , . . • ..; • FCREWARD This is the fourthnt a series of Mimeographed reports entitled uPhysical and ChemioarSurvey of-Coals from Canadian Collieries n . It is to be noted that it:ooncerns ccials from New Brunswick, whereas•the.first three vers on coals from Nova Scotia viz. Memorandum Series No. 74 - (December 1939) - Inverness County Coalfield, .No. 78 (June 1940) -:Cumberland County,Ocialeield and No.. 79 (April-1941) - Pictou County.Coalfield. . • , The general pmrpose of the survey has-been te study: the , characteristics of the coals from the,different collieries. In particular, it was desired to ascertain to.what extent anï, improVement in grade may be effected by specially preparing the coal by screening, with or without-subsequent washing and - blending of the different sizes, thus resulting in a vider use of Canadian coals. . . The samples from the mines in the Minto coalfield in New Brunswick were collected during the summer of 1938 and on completion of the study of each sample a typewritten report was forwarded to the operator of the colliery concerned and to • other.interested parties. The present report comprises the re- " sults .of examination of coals trot sixteen éollieries in this coalfield, together with a detailed comparison of the coals, in respect torank and grade, according to the areas and districts, in which they are mined. • " The physical and chemical tests invélVed were conduc- ted by the.staff of the Fuel Research Laboratories. The geo- logical information contained in this report has been abstracted mainly.from published bulletins of the Bureau of Geology. and Topograery of. this-Department. It is hoped that this collec- tion of data and similar reports will serve as a means of ac- quainting all interested with the characteristics of Canadian coal and result in its more efficient utilization, to the bene- fit of both producer and consumer. • - B.F. HAANEL Chief, Division of Fuels 2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SURVEY -OF COALS FROM CANADIAN COLLIERIES. NEW BRIreleinÈ Mint d Flelcl •• The Minto coal basin, as illustrated in Figure 1, -lies in - the central part of the province of New Brunswick, near the head of Grand Lake. The village of Mint°, which is the main centre of Mining activity in the district, .is'iabout 35 miles «tat of Fredericton, and . is served by the Canadian Pacific Railvay by a 'direct branch line from Fredericton.,' .and by the Canadian National Railways .indirect/y by means . of a spur ,line from Hardwood Ridge ' to North Minto. The .town:of ChipMan, on the main line of the Canadian National Railvay, is the centre of more reduced and spor- adic mining in thds section of the Minto coal basin. •Ton-lot samples were collected from different collieries in this coalfield by ,an englneer of the Fuels Division, namely: E. Swartzman. The manner; in vidch. the coals from the various collieries, all operating, on the same seam were Sampled is de- scribEd ziTi ChaPter III, and a description of the Methods .of anal- yses and their significance - is given in the appendix. The exam- inat ion of the samples collected comprised:-,(a) physical tests including' screen analyses, bulk density and apparent specific gravity; b) chemical analyses including both proximate and - ùlti- . mate analyses, caloilific value, forms of sulphur, fusibility of ash, and analyses of ash.; (c) classifiaation;* (d) distribution of fusainj (e)' washability. characteristics; and (f) laboratory coking teta; The analytical. and other data obtained are tabu- lated in Chapter III, and.the results are discussed in Chapter - . • - . . , >. The :comparisona made -in the summary and discuSsion of re- sults are,not intedded tOindicate the superiority of any one • of thé coals reviewed, but are recorded for the purpose bf in- dicating their relative merits tO those interested in the use le these e oals • 3 Chapter I • ' DESCRIPTION OF THE COALFIELD AND SEAM (l ) The Minto Coal basin coVering an area of approximately 400 square miles liesliear the head of Grand lake. This basin, In common with the great Carboniferous plain of New Brunswick, of which it forms a part, consists of eblling contry wlth very loW releif, mantled by glacial drift and covered by dense forests. The workable coal seam is found at the Base of the Middle Member of the Grand Lake formation in the Pennsylvania sediments. TheSe sedimantà consist.of buff-weathering sandstones and con- glomerates with associated shales. An easily recognized.dark- greyshale about 5 feet in thicknesà which is called by the miners the "coal shale" or."coal rock", is always found overlying the coal seam. The floor is usually,a.light grey, partly refractory clay. Taults are extremely rare and the fewwhich exist in the coal seam are of almàst negligible dimensions. . . • . _ All the Coal.mined in; the Minto field is from the surface seam, .cOmmorily referred t& as the Main seam. An underlying seam of no economic importance is present in a few places; It is separated from the surface seam by.a few inches of shale. The surface or main seam. lies in low.open folds.throughout almost the whole basin, being . thickest in the Minto area near Minto and Eighteen creek,where it averages about 24 inches. In the north- ern and the eastern . part - of the basin the seam becomes much thinner and in some places it.is represented only by 1/2 an inch of carbonaceous material.. In thé southwestern part of the field the seam maintains uniform.thickness. Over some areas in the • field, the seam lies near enough to the surface for stripping, whereas in . bther places - it may.be as much as 125 feet bélow‘the surface. In the Chipman area the coal seam is much thinner than in the vicinity-of Minto. However coal has been and is being mined In this.area on a small scale on Coal Creek and near Ironbound cove, between Salmon harboui, and Chipman, but the seam is not over 16 inches thick. For convenience the Minto coal field has been divided into two main areas, the Minto area, in the vicinity of Minto, where most of the mining is being conducted, and the Chipman area, in the vicinity of Chipman and Coal Creek. These divisions are as follows:- (1) Minto Coal Basin, New Brunswick—W.5. Dyer-- Canadian Geolo- gical Survey Memoir No. 151. 1.• 4. A. Minto Area 1. Northern Division a. North Minto district • b. South Mint° district 2. Southern Division c. Newcastle Bridge dis- trict. d. Eighteen Creek district . B. Chipman Area • Mint6 area The Northern Division of this araa has not been invest- gated to any extent, blit coal reserves are considered possible. The Southern Division Contains all the operations in the area and is subdivided as follows: - (a) North -Mintb District. The district includes that part of the southern half of>the Minto map area lying north of Gilchrist and Fu:.': - brooks and between Newcastle Creek and latitude 66 ° 10'. The seam in this district is somewhat thinner than in the South Monto district,and the partings occupy a larger proportion of the seàm,'so that not so much coal is re- coverable. A typtcal section of the seam is as follows: Coal -shale • Coal 21 inches Shale (black) .. . 5 inches • Bony . . 2 inches . 3 inches Shale . 2 inches Coal. . . 3 inches Underclay..... - The district has been thoroughly prospected by meansof the hand-drill and the coal seam has been found to average 24 inches In thickness. In this district the coal from the following collieries was studied. 1. The MintoCoal Co. Ltd.-West Slope Mine 2. Miramichi Lumber Co. Ltd.- Shaft No. 15 (b) Sguth Minto District. This district includes the land lying south of Newcastle Creek and Gilchrist and Fulton brooks, and between Grand Lake and latitude 66 ° 10'. The seam in this district although varyirie-appreciably, 1-,; thickest. A typical section of the seam in the past wal as follows: 00 5)Ae 0 0 q-/ r- cor sonct° h- 48° 10' Ys s t le C ie 1:7e CHIPMAN MINING AREA 0 'est NORTH M INTO (i SI°R9 MINING AREA i'or/zI‘riet striv(, //COAL CREEK 1 MINING AREA --A . 1#1 'la o raiehi e "p 404elip . Gil chnst I • 4- 11>yri-e■ I fly, L Li puo ..».... ..e., 1q4k--.4ek eaffian % .../ 2'Myles "Eturpee strip c Doeig ■ 'Avon. 4 L .// t. ) ybefit qe„. e‘iai. vey Welton ft, Power Plant U:J eo G ra nd X II N a k e 1/ e a, c) SCALE OF MILES 2 1_ oo' C -4.1- Éreo r \-/ .".9. , 0 ? .,..."›...- \ \ \ .... ..X----\ MINING AREA SOUTH MINT° tO •,,,, . \--------, "NI ,e ..tr 4e y 46° 00 ry_it----- - ____-. • Coal shale • Coal .29 tnches • Clay parting (black) • 3 inches- .•. - .Coal 6 inches . Under clay • ?he:seam in that portion of the district lying south of › Yeoman brook and west of Grand Lake:only averages.about 18 inches .in thickness. Coal from the following collieries in this district vas investigated:- I. The Minto Coal Co. ltd.- Tweedie Cl and C2 Mines 2. W. Benton Evans (Rothwell Coal Co. •td)- Rothwell Mine. 3. Avon Coal Co. Ltd.- Winterport and Avon Mines No. 26 and 28. - 4. Havvey Welton Ltd.- Welton No. 9 Mine. 5. Welton and Henderson Ltd - Kelley Mine. 6. C.S. Yeamans - Yeamans Mines (3 shafts) (c) Newcaàtle Bridge District. lying north and east of Newcastle district averages about 18 inches underlie an area..of ten square This area includes Creek. The coal seam in thickness and may miles. the land in this possibly Coal from the following collieri-es in this district have been studied:- 1. Newcastle Coal Co.- Newcastle No.2 Mine. 2. Welton and Henderson Ltd.- Black Diamond Mines Nos. 14 and 15. 3. J.C. Mc.Dougal - McDougal Mine. (d) Eighteen Creek District. This area includes that part of the Southern half of the Minto map area lying west of latitude 66 ° 10'. Results of prospecting indicate trie possibility of a coal seam with an average thickness of about 28 néhas. Although no mining has been carried on intt 4.s area, prior to 1940 in most places the seam is appreciably close enough to the surface to per- mit of stripping. Chipman Area The Chipman area consists of the eastern half of the Minto coal basin. The coal reserves in this area are considered to be far less than 'those in the Mint° area, antl. although the coal seam is present in most of the area, in many places it is too thin to work. Coal is mined on a small scale on Coal Creek and near - Iron- bound cove, between Salmon harbour and Chipman, but the seam te . not over 16 inches thick. In many locations the cover is so thin and permeable that the coal has been oxidized\to a varying degree in situ by surface veer seeping through. This coal,called in the Minto Coalfield "Soft coal", as opposed to the' normal coal seam 6. structure referred to as "hard coal", is very soft and crumbly, excessively vet and much lower in ash and sulphur contents, due to the leaching out process, than the normal coal. This type of coal is much the same as "crop" coal and is mined to a limited degree in the Minto area as well. The coals in the Chipman area studied origtnated from the following collieries:- 1. Geo. H. Myles & Co.- Myles Slope (underground Mine) 2. Geo. H. Myles & Co.- Long Creek Strip mine. 3. Geo. H. Myles & Co.- Burpee Strip mine. 4. Pennlyn Coal Co. Ltd.- Broderick Strip mine. 5. G.H. King - _ling Shaft. 7. Chapter II DESCRIPTION OF THE MINES The coal in the Minto field is mined both by underground workings and by means of stripping. Generally speaking, an acc- ount of the thinness of the seam and its - proximity to the sur- face, the:workings are of a temporary character and the out- put is uncertain., . The shafts for the underground mines are usually vertical '.with . inside dimensions of.5.by 12 feet, and are lined with 3- inch .plank. Their depth varies from 25 to 125 feet. The entries are single, with dimensions of L. feet 6 inches in height by 6 feet in width. The distance.between shafts varies from e00 to 800-feet. Th ie room and - pillar, shortyall and longwall methods .of mining are employed. The rooms are mually 15 feet in width and ›,of Variable length, with pillars of the,same dimensions. The walls vary from about 30 to 400 feet in 1eng;. .Ventilation is „niitural except in the thines of North Minto where .electric fans are used. There is no dust and very little gaS. Drainage is natural and in most mines fairly good through- out the.greater part of the year'. , • . -Steam hoists are used by most of the :somoanies but horses are employed in the shallower shafts.• '..Strip mining is conducted where the.overburden does not exceed 20 or 25 feet. Usually a cutting is made ïrndthe excavator operates either in the cut or from the surface Shovels and dragnnus are. used for stripping the overburden, and a shovel is 'usually - employed for loading the coal into trucks. . , - The various mines operated in the Minto coalfield according to district are described below.- ' NORTH MINTO DISTRICT The Minto Coal Co. Ltd. West- Slope Mine -- This mine is located in Sunbury county 2 miles west of Mihto and served by the Canadian Pacific Railway from Minto and by the Canadian National Railway from Hardwood Ridge. The mine is entered 'bY a slope 6 feet by 6 feet in dImcnsion, and 300,feet long with a pitch of 15', giving a total vertical cover of 80 feet. All the main levels run East and West off the main haulage level which strikes out from the bottom of the slope. The coal in 1938,. was mi.tr_by means of two advancing longwall faces, one 378 feet long ths other 372 feet long each face 8. yielding_about 125 tons per iD hour shift and employing about 20 • minerS'pe,r:face. , Based on _a total of 300 - men employed (surface • >- and undergrrAind)-thebine yielded . 2.23 tons piir man pér-shift. : • Thé top .or main seam waa about 24 inche ss . thick.with a claY, band.varying.from,6,to 12 inches'in thickness -separating it from a:thin -Underlyingiseam averaging about 53- inches in thick- ness, The in seam was bright and relatively free from clay or - stone bands, but pyrite, in the fora of "sulphur balls" and streaks of varying - size, 'was plentiful. " .5he Ou Was made in the above mentioned - clay band usiiig an electrically driven Sampson'chain coal cutter with a 4 foot 6 inb.harking a 6 in6b. kerf. The cOal.vas brought to thè levelS and loaded - into 2000 pound capacity boxes by means of a pan .C . Iveyor. The loaded boxes were brought'to the bottom of the slope' 'qy means of slibsidiary:boists and then hauled to thé bank- • head in trips of eight by means of a single drum electrically • driven hoist. • Bankhead '(See Figure 2) - '. • - The slope to the bankhead pitches at ir from the sur- face' bringing thecoal to the top of the bankhead Yhich .was 50 feet in height. At the bankhead the coal vas 'dmmped by means of 'à sing-le ›':rotary tippler Onto a shaking bar Screen .iLréet wide • and 8 feet long, with bars -set 5 inches'apart. The oyersize - dropPed by chute to an 18 inch single roll crusher« set at 6 inches the-brushed product gong direct to a triple decked vibrating screen, where it was met by the undersize from the bar Screen. The -upperaeck of'vibrating screen was equipped with a 4 inch \ square-hole screet% the middle deck with a 2 -1- inch square- •hole screen, and the lower deck with square mesh wire screens having ,i_ther 5/8 inch or lk inch openings. The-slack was carried by chuteto open cars, whereas each of the screened lump sizes -producednamely Plus 4 inch, 2 -1 to 4 - inch, and 5/8 or lk to 2i inch, were Jelivered to separate steel plate picking belts. After handpicking these sizes were usually reassembled for delivery by chute to cars, but fchey could be collected separately if re- quired. Run of mine coal iras also produced by complete reassembly .or by blining the bottom screen. The"splint and stonewerelUmp- ed by Chute to cars below, and hoisted stone was taken through the bankhead to the dump. • Ç. • , For commercial purposes the following uadec of coal were prepared:- . 1. Run of Mine. 2. Screened Lump, +5/8 inch and +1* inch. Oversize +5" 1 Crusher set at 6" Undei.size —5" Rotary, tippler Shaking bar screen (bars set at b") Triple decked vibrating screen End dump tippler (hand operated) Single 'decked vibrating screen 1 1 Lump Slack + _ R. R car Mine run R.R. car (picking in car) 1 R.R. car I Lump Stove Nut Slack +4" 2 1,4.,.._ 4” eA" or 1 1/4" —W or —11A" I I to 2 W 1 Picking Picking Picking belt belt belt . I + 5/8"or +13/4" Lump R.R. car 1 Mine run 1 R.R. car R. R car Figure 2. Figure 3. Flow-sheet of Bankhead ut VA.; st Slope Mine, Minto Coal Co.,Ltcl. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Miramichi Mine, Miramichi Lumber Co.,Ltd. 9 3. Slack, 0-5/8 inch and 0-111- inch. Very little change in either mining or preparation was noted as late as 1942. Miramiohi Lumber Oc. ,• Ltd. Miramiohi-No. 15 Shaft This mine, opened in 1933, was located in Sunbury county near North Minto, about li miles north of Minto station, and was served by the Canadian Pacific Railway from Minto and by the Canadian National. Railway from Hardwood Ridge... The mine was entered by a shaft 6 feet by 13 feet in di- mension and 54 feet deep to the bottom of the coal seam. The main and sUbsidiary levels were struck off in a southwest direction. The Ooal, in 1938, was being mined by both longwall and room and pillar systems. There was one longwall 320 feet long resulting in the production of 90 tons of coal per day, and there were approximately 30 rooms, each room being 15 feet wide, yielding about 90 tons of coal per day. The output per . man per day was 1,44 tons, The main seam at this mine was about 22 inches thick with a clay band averaging about 6 inches in thickness separating it from a thin underlying seam about 6 inches in thickness. The top ooal seam was bright and highly fractured, with practically no clay or stone bands. Pyrite in form of "Sulphur balls" and streaks was plentiful. The bottom or underlying seam contained about 4 inches of good ooal which was reclaimed, th o remaining "bony" material being disoraded in the mine. • The longwall was machine mined, the cut being made, in the 6 inch olay band between the seams. The coal was brought to the level and loaded in boxes by means of a pan conveyor; About 17 men were employed on this face. The rooms and pillars were hand-piok mined, the coal being hand loaded and wheeled by hand to- the main haulage level. The 1200 pound capacity boxes were brought to the bottom of the shaft in trips using the endless Xope system; and were hoisted to the bankhead singly by means of an eleotrioally driven single drum hoist. The mine was wet, free from dust and gas, and ventilated bv six fans in addition to natural ventilation. 10. - • Bankhead (See Figure 3) ' - • In the bankhead, which was of wood construction, the boxes' of coal were weighed . on a track 'scale and then emptied by means of a single, simple, hand operated end dump tippler, the coal dropping onto a single deckedvibrating screen 6 feet. S in. long and -3 feet -wide. The mesh opening of the screen vas varied from . 3/4-inch. square mesh to 2-inch square mesh. The Oversize yas diverted by .chute to cars where picking of the refuse vas effected, and the slack was loaded in car b without any treatment.. When run of mine coal waa required a blind was placed' over the Screen. Thus thee commercial products with practically no preparation are produced, namely 1. - 11un - of Mine 2. -Screened Lump - ±3/k Inch and ;;-2.inch. . 3. -Slack 0-3/4 inch and 0-2 inch. "- - By 1942 this-shaft had been closed down, and since that time four other shafts had been opened operating very Much the same as No.15 described above. 'SOUTH MINTO DISTR1CT The Minto Coal C.c. Ltd.' Tweedie Mines - à1 and C2 and '0 These shafts opened in 1937 are located near Rothwell, about 111. miles southeast of Minto on the poéer plant spUr of the Canadian Pacific Railway. • These mines, were entered by shafts 8 feet by 4 feet and approximately 36 feet deep to the bottom of the coal seam. Mining was all room and.pillér,:vith roadwaYs .6ff the main level' at 30 foot centres, allowing for 15 foot rooms advancing and 15 foot pillars retreating ,. work being carried a distancé of,. 300 feet on the raise side of the Ievo .lâDd only 125 feet on the alp side. Each mine, in 1935, %ad approxiMately 45'iumms with an approximate output of 80,tons per eight hour day. The output per man per day vas approxiMate]7 1.5 tons. The coal seem at thià mine was about 18 inches thick, with no underlying seam. The co2à11.es bright and friable, and con- -tained an appreciable amount of "suluhur balls" but little clay or stone partings. The coal was all handPick mined with two men to a room, the loading and whealing being done by hand, 7eDing 400 pound capacity wooden boxes. The coal was brought to the sur- face by means of an electrically driven single drum hoist. R. R. car R.R: car End dump tippler ( hand operated ) Single !decked stationary screen Lump Slack +8/8" or +1 1/4" — 5/8" 0 r — 1 1/4" R.R. car R.R car (picking in car) Min End dump tippler ( hand operated) Double l decked vibrating screen + 1 1/4" Slack Picking belt I I Bone Lump I +11/4" Mine boiler run 5/J-11/4.1 Nut 5/8"— 1 1/4" R. R. car Lump + 5/8" R.R. car R.R. car Mine run R.R: car Figure 4. Figure 5. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Rothwell Mine, W. Benton Evans. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Tweedie Mine, Minto Coal Co.,Ltd. 11. • . . The mine was wet : and-free-from dUst.a4d gas,. open càrhide iiieps. being employed:. — Bankhead (See Figure k) • . . . . . . . At the bankhead the:coal.was not weighed, bût immediately emptied by means cf :a single hand operate - . end deep - tippler. The coal dropped ontcya stationery single,deeked screen 9 'feet long by 3 feet Wide, equipped with.either à 1114.- inch:or 5/8-inch square Mesh screen. No picking table ras provided, - the screened lump eeing picked in the oars. For commercial purpose three sties were ; produced, namely. , 1. Run of Mine . .* %.e. Screened Lump - +5/8 inch and +1* inch. 3. Slack 0-5/8 Inch and 0-1* inch. In 1942 these mines were.on.the verge of being closed down, the company concentrating on strip mining in tiiis area where the cover was too thin for underground mining. W. Benton Evans.(Rothwell Coal Co. Ltd.) Rothwell Mine - Shaft 133 • This mine vas located at Rothvell about 1-1 miles. southeast of Mint6 on the power plant spur of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The mine vas entered by a shaft 8 feet by 13 feet-àbout 54 feet deep to• the bottom-of the coal. Two main .haulage erels werà struck off from the bottom of the shàft, and .several sûbmid- lary levels, from which working places.were struck off, were also present. Mining was all by the • oom and pillar.method, with 80 rooms available, each having a 15 to.20. Prot face and advancing . about 300 feet. The pillars, of similar width, were removed in retreating. Ihe..a/érage output per man per day, in 1938, .was 1.32 tons. • • .The coal seam averaged about 18 inches. in thickness, .2a8 quite uniform - and relatively . frèe from shale and stone, but con- ' tained appreciable quahtitiés of "eulphur balls". There was-a. 6. inch "bony" section underlying the coal peam proper, but this wàs.left. as pavement. The coal vas hand pick mined iu 1938 but longwell mining cperating on a 400 foot face hàd.been used intermi- ' ttently for several yehrs. The handpick mined cCal was loaded into . 1050 pound capacity mine Cers by hand and then brought 111 trips to the bottom of the ehaft, from where it was hoisted to the surface -by .mentis of a'singlé drum steam driven hoist. - The' mine was.damp and free from dust, and gas. Ventilation • ' vas bothti.atural and by means of electrica;ly operated fans. 12. Bankhead (See Figure 5) The coal was dumped, after being weighed on a ttack scale, by means of a hand-oPetated simple end dump tippler onto a double decked Niagara Vibrating screen, 8 feet long by 3 feet wide and set at an angle of 200 . The upper deck vas equipped with a lk inch square mesh screen where as the lower deck had a 5/8 inch square mesh screen. The overàize coal was deverte to one side of the picking belt, while the 5/8-1k inch nut vas diverted to the other side. The picking belt was a rubber belt conveyor 4 feet vide by 20rfeeet.The pickings were separated into "sulphur balls" and °bone", the latter being used in the mine boilers. The following ..moducts could, if desired, be peepared:- 1. Lump: Plus ik . inch. ' 2. Nut: 5/8-1k inch • 3. Screened: Plus 5/8 inch • 4. Slack: 0-5/8 ta or 0-1k inch. • 5. Run of Mine. This mine was closed down in 19k3, .a new shaft, . B4,abeut miles Southeast•of B3 having been started in 1941. Avon Coal Co. Ltd. • Avon Mines - Shafts No.26 and No.28 These mines were located about three miles south of Minto on the power plant spur of the Canadian Pacific Railway. • • Shaft No.26 - • • - • Thls mine was worked by the shortwall.methoe.having -had 50 foot walls and 50 foot pillars. A portable Sullivan machine vas used and the cut vas made in the clgie aboyé the coal seam. he mine was worked out and closed down in.July 1938) just after sampling for the present survey was completed„. . . Shaft No.28 . This.mine vas entered .by a shaft 6i feet by 12i feet in dimensibn,and 46 feet deep to the bottom of the coal;,Alihough . during 1938 all mining vas handpick room and pillar,a longwall had been prepared for operation. This wall .waS 520 feet long,.that is, it vas composed of thirteen 40-foot short walls. with - four- teen 7-footteeadwasttThe ivall! . was•Of.the receeeg , type chenrOuttei.s being betloyeti, each tihvitea!3 foot 6"Inbh - bair'. ‘ etrid . thakingth 6'inéh kerf.eheveilt .ras thadéClh"tfie'clay-ol*rlyIng the%corafteimu The wall was calculated to pràduce 200 tons of .66a1 Per_day. • . * The coal seam averaged about 18 inches in thickneas.'Ovee 1:ying this there vas an 18 inch strata of àoapstone, the'ma'Ogie • . • • rat End dump tippler (hand operated) Triple decked vibrating screen +2 " 3/4' - 1 1/4" 11)4'-'-2" Picking belt Lump +3/4, R.R.car _ 8/4 Slack R.R.car Lump +3/4, R.R car (picking in car) End dump tippler (hand operated) Single decked stationary screen I Slack _ 3/4 , R.R.car Mine run R.R car Mine run R.R.car Figure 6. Figure 7. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Avon Shaft No. 28, Avon Coal Co.,Ltd. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Harvey Welton No.9 Mine, Harvey Welton, Ltd. -7' 11 •ii 1. * e: • 13. • I cut -being made . in'thia material. immediately above this there vas a 6-inch anal seam of which the lower 4 inches vas reclaimed, the upper 2 inche.s being left : as roof. The'main coal seam was faf:rly unifnrm in appearance but-contained an eundande of pyrite in the form of "Sulphur" hlails n and "streal. The coal was bright and highly fractured. Room and pillar mined coal was handloaded whereas the machine mined coal was to be.loaded by means of. pari conveyors. All the coal was hauled to the bOttom of the e.r.ft by -.;the main and tail system of mechanical haulage. The mine was wet and free from dust and gas. BanklleAd 1.m.2261 The r axes of coal, having a 1000 pound capacity, were brought to the bankhead singly by means.-. - of a steam driven single drum hoist. The coal was:dumped, witheit -- ' 2eigking, 1.2y_ means of a hand-Operated end dump tipplen ontO a triple decked Niagara Vibrating screen, 6 feet long by 3 feet wide. The upper deck vas eeipped with a 2 inch wire mesh'séreen, the middle deck with a 1* inch screen, and the lower deck with a 3/4 inch wire mesh . screen. The over'sie coal., that is ail ov8r 3/4 inch, passed over a rubber belt conveyor 2 fèet vide and 15 feet long where picking vas done. - The picked_screened coal was loaded.direct to cars, and the slack, without any preparation, vasloaded direct from the screens. Although nut.and l'ump sizes could be prepared, the . mine produced only the:following. 1. Run of Mine 2. Screened Lump: +3/4 inch or +1* inch 3. Slack: 0 -3/4 inch or 0-1* inch. Harvey Nà7.t7, Welton. No.9 Mine This mine Was located .about * mile vest of the Grand Lake Power plant and 4 miles southe=lst of Minto on the pouer plant Erjuln line of the Canadian Paci.fic Railway. The mine was entered y a 5x10 foot shaft, 42 feet deep to the bottom of the coal, sain levels being driven east and vest from the bottom of the shaft.. Mining was on the room and. pillar system, being all handpicked!' with about 20 rooms in operation at any one trsme. The rooms, with a fourteen foot face, i::ere ad- vanced for about 300 feet, after which the 14 foot pillar vas removed on retraating. 14., The coal seam vas ,approximatély 10 inches thick with a soft shale roof and a hardolay pavement, but with ao underlying or overlying coal seam. /lie coal seam vas uniform, bright and highly fractured, containing no bands of clay or stone, but appreciable amounts of sulphur balls and streaks. . . The coal uas hand loaded and hand wheeled to . the bottom of the shaft in wooden mine ces with an approximate capacity of 400 pounds. • Bank*head - (See Figure 7) . • , . The cars of coal were.hoisted to the surfice-singly in a . balanèed cage by means of a singleedrum steam driven hoist. In the .tip,ple....the coal was discharged by means of a very simple hand operated end dump tippler,.without weghing,onto a 3/4 in.. vire mesh stationery soreen 10 feet long -and 3 feet vide. The slack passed direct to freight cars below, whereas the screened«. lump was delivered to cars by a chute. Picking vas done in the • cars, no table being provided. The folloving products were pre- pared:- 1. -Rue of Mine (vith.a varying 'amount of . slack removed) . . 2. Soreened Lump: Plus 3/4 inch, square mesh. 3. Slack: 0-3/4 ini-sq. mesh. . . . . The mine van closed dova,and to replace it, Shaft No 10 . was oPened- in November 1941 about 3/4 miles from the Grand Lake Power palnt at Newcastle Creek. The-new mine vith a ihaft sunk: to , a depth of aboüt 72 test, operates- on the room and . pillar system and uses the simple handpick method of mining. The_seam,' varying froi 16 to 26 inches in thickness is similar at this location that previously mined from Shaft No.9. No screening plant vas , available at this mine, only 'run 'of miné coal being: shipped. Welton & Henderson Ltd, Kelley Mine - Nowt. Shaft This mine which vas opened in 1937 vas located about 2i miles south of the town of Minto at Rothwall on the power plant spur of the Canadian Pacific Railway. . The mine vas entered by a shaft 6ix13* feet in, dimension:.. and 65 feet deep. Normally tvo longvalle, each about 400 feet long, and a varying amount Of room and pillar mining vas carried . on, yielding an average of some 160 to.rg of coal - datly. Thé .rom and. pillar uerk accounted for about one-half of this tonnage. The 5/8"or 1 14" Slack Straight mine run. Crushed mine run ■ R. R. car ( picking in car ) Mine run R. R. car R. R. car Mine cars End dump tippler I (hand operated) I I 1 Single decked End dump tippler End dump tippler Double 'decked vibrating screen Crusher 1 5/8"-11/4" _b/81/ (hand operated) vibrating screen (hand operated) (hand operated) I. Lump +1 1/4" •Slack — 1 1/1" +5/8" or +11/4" Lump R. R. car R. R. car R. R. car R. R. car + 1 3.4" Picking belt Figure 8. Figure Flow-sheet of Ba.nkhead at Kelley Mine, Welton-Henderson Ltd., (This was formerly at Black Diamond Mine). Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Newcastle Mine, Newcastle Coal Co. 15 longwalls were machifie mined uSing'Sampson coal cutters and pan conveyors, whereas the-room and pillars were worked by hand. The coal Seam -4as. approxitately 18 inches thick and con- tained a large amount orsulphur and some bands of bone. No overlying sead . was i- evidence. - . • Sankhead (See Figure 8) . A simple end%dump tippler, hand .operated, discharged the coal frcm the small wooden mine cars onto a double-decked Niagara Vibrator equipped on the top deck with a lk inch square mesh screen, and on the bottom deck with a 5/8 inch square mesh screen, The 1.4. inch lump passed over-a 20-foot picking belt, with only one man picking, and thence tp cars, whereas the slack was lOaded direct to cars fr.shipment. . When ordinary or crushed run-of-mine coal was to be pre- pared, the ooal . was handled by another end dump tippler,.the ordinary mine run being loaded direct to cars without handpick- ing. For the Dreparation of crushed mine run the coal was passed through a Tefferey single roll crusher, and then usually mixed with sonie additional slack,. The following grades of coal were prepared' in 1942 ' 10 'Rui. of Mine- Ordinary and Crushed 2. Lump Plus 5/8 in. sq. 3. Slack - 0-5/8 in. sq. • 0 0 8, Yeamans Yeomans Minas - Shafts Nos, 1, 2 & 3 The three minesi in operation in 1938, were situated on the Lake Road about 1* miles southeast of Minto. The mines had no railway facilities all the coal being trucked to the main line of the C,P,R. for loading, Shaft Nd, 1, opened in 1932, and finally closed down in 1940, was entered by a 41-xiq feet shaft 35 feet deep, Mining was all handpicked on the room and pillar system with an average of 24 working places, The rooms were advanced on a 12 to 15 foot face for a distance varying from 125 to 275 feet, and then the pillars were extracted. The coal was band loaded and hand wheeled to the bottom of the shaft. The output of this mine was approximately 50 tons per day, Shaft No, 2, opened in 19rj5, and still operating in 1942, was entered by a 4*x8Jf feet shah 35 feet in depth 9 Mining was all 16. handpicked on the room and pillar system with an average of 24 working places and conducted in the same manner as in the No 1 mine. The coal was hand loaded and hand wheeled to the bottom of the shaft. The output of the mine vas about 50 tons per 8 hour day. . Shaft No.3 opened in 1938, andfinally closed down in 1941 as a result of floading, was entered by a 4 3/4x9 foot shaft 71 feet_ deep. Mining vas handpick • on the room and'Iiillar system, with an average daily output of 50 tons The coal vas hand loaded and hand wheeled to the bottom of the shaft. All the above shafts were interconnected by means of their main levels. Ventillation vas effected only by means of air-holes, no fans being used. The coal seam worked at the three mines vas the same in charauter.The seam vas about 18 inches thick, with no top or • bottom seam, the roof being rather soft shale and the pavemént relatively hard and "bony". The coal was bright and uniform in appearance with no shale or stone bands, but sufphur balls and streaks, and ankeritic partings were in abundance. Bankhead (See Figure 9) Shaft No.1 The coal was brought to the surface in 400 pound capacity wooden cars by means of a horse drawn hoist. The cars of coal were end dumped into a series of 3-ton pockets surrounding the hottsting platfamwfithout being weieled, The run of mine coal vas then drDpped into truck b and taken to the loading wharf at New- castle Bridge for loading into freight cars. No screehing -equip: ment was installed and no picking of coal was done. Shaft No.2 The coal at this mine was handled as above, being hoisted in 400 pound capacity cars by a horse drawn hoist to the bankhead platform. The coal was then either dumped into the 3- ton pockets for shipment of run-of-mine coal, or vat :taken cehrough to the screening house. Here the coallataB dutped , by means of a hand operated end dump tippler, situated iii an opening in the roof of the screening house, on to a stationery single- 3i6 feet long and 3 feet wide. The upper six-foot section consisted of a 5/8 inch square mesh screen, whereas the lower 10-foot section %Tuts fitted with a Ike inch square screen, allowing for the preparation of the following sizes which are stored in ground level bins: (a) Lump: Plus lit in. sq. ib) Nut : 5/8-1i- in. sq. c) Slack: 0-5/8 in. sq. 17. Hand rescreening, to remove fines from nut and lump, was *resorted to when necessary and the coal waa picked while béing loaded into.trucks. . . Shaft No.3 * At this mine the coal - was brought to the surface in 400•pound.oapacity cars by means of an electrically driven single drum hoiat - situated on the hoisting platform. The coal was either end dumped into the surrounding 3-ton pockets for shipment as run- of-mine, or vas carried through to the screening house, similar to the one at No.2 mine, where the folloWing sizes, which were handpicked on loading to trucks, were prepared: le' 1 /181sd'inr.l.q. sq . c Slack: 0-5/8 in sq. NEWCASTLE BRIDGE DISTRICT 'Newcastle Coal Co. - Newcastle No.2 Mine This mine, opened in 1936 and.,still *operating in 1942,was located about i mile northeast of Neweastle Bridge and 2 miles northeast of Mint°, and was*connected by a ÉPur to the main line of the C.P.R. The mine vas, entered by a 6x12foot shaft sunk to a depth of 72 feet to the bottom of the coal. One longwall, approximately 260 feet in length, using a Sampson cutter and pan conveyors was in operation periodically.'The main-eining vas conducted by liand- • pick, usine'the room and pillar system iadvancing 160 to 200 feet on 14.--fOot pillars; The average output of this mine was about 60 tons per eight hour - day. - .The coal seam.varied.from18 to 22 inches in thickness,.and was bright in appearance and highly'fractured. No atone or shale bands wàre visible but there.were. some sulphur'"balls" and an appréciahle amount of sulphur stro*ks and ankeritic partings. The roof was rather. soft but the pavement vas quite hard. The mine was wet, free from.dust and gas, vèntillation being-effected by both natural and artificial means; . Bankheàd (Seè Figure 10) . The 400 pound Càpacity mine cars were brought to the sur-- face by means of a balanced .cage holding a single car; and hOisted by à steam driven :angle drumllotst:. The cars.were emptied by means of a.simple hand operated end dump tippler, without being weighed, and the coal vas discharged onto a single-decked shaker screen, 8 feet long by 3 feet wide, equipped with a 1*-inch 18. square mesh screen plate. The plus 1* inch lump was delivered by chute to railway-cars where sOme picking was done, there being no piCking belt. The 0-1* inch slack was loaded direct to cars. Run-of-mine coal was prepared by placing a blind over the screen.: The following grades of coal, th, were prepared: a Run-of-Mine - b Leâ?': Plus 1* in. sq. , O Slack:.0-1* in. sq. › Welton & Henderson Ltd. Black Diamond Mines - Shafts Nos. 14 & 15 These mines, which were closed down in 1939 were located about 1 mile east of Minto,and north of Newcastle creek. Shaft No.14 This mine, - opened in 1935,*was entered by a.6ix13 foot shaft sunk to a depth of 85 deet to the bottom of the coal. The coal was machine mined, there ,being two 325-foot longwalls ,in 1938 with a daily output of approximately 125, tonà from each.• The out was made in the clay band between the main seam and the bottom unmined seam•with standard type &lain coal cutters. The coal was loaded mechanically by meansof Pan conveyors into 1000 pound capacity steel cars which Were bràùght to the bottom of . the shaft in tripsof.ten - by means of a main and tail rope haulage' system. Shaft No.15 This mine, - also opened in 1935, vas entered by a 4x9 foot shaft 62 feet in - depth..MininÉ was all handpick using the room and pillar.system. Some - 26 rboMs each with a 15 foot face were - in operation yielding an output of approximately 50 , tons per eight hour shift. ,'The coal -was loaded by hand into 400 pound capacity wooden cars and hauled iay hànd to the bottom of the shaft. . Both mines were damp and relaUvely free from.dust or gas. The coal seam was of the same character .at both mines the • shaftà of which were only about one-quarter mile.apart. The main .or . so-talled "Tbp" seam was 2.0 inches thick. Underlying this vas a :band of soft shale averagits - 6 - inchés in thickness, below which was the so-called "Bottom' seam whidh wae about 6 - inches thick, comprising about 3 indhes of dirty coal and 3 inches of "bone", und which iras notrecovered. There were no-clay or-stone bands in the mainseam, - but Sulphur "balls" and streaks, as well as ankerite was ln abunoe Horse drawn hoist End dump (hand operated) End dump tippler (hand operated) Double decked vibrating screen Nut -5/8' Slack Figure 10. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at Yeomans Mine, C. S. Ye amans. Figure 11. Flow-sheet of Bankhead at King Shaft, G. H.King. Mine run Single decked (3-ton pockets) stationary screen 5/8"-1 1/4" -5/8" Nut Slack Trucks +11/4" Picking belt +11/4" Lump Lump Ground or bin storage R.R. car Truck R.R. car Truck R. R. car Truck R. R. car +5/8" Lump R.R car Mine run R. R. car R.R.car Loading ramp at railway R.R car R.R car 19. ' Bankhead Shàft Nip'.;14 The cars of coal were brought to the surface singly - by Meats- of a«Dingie drum electrically driven hoist. In the tipple the'CoaL ,waS discharged by means of hand operated and dump tipplers; without weighiné, onto e .double-decked Niagara vfbrating scréen.»The - upper deek of the vibrator vas fitted with ' a 1* inch squàre mesh-screen, 8x3 feet, whereas the lover deck wee equipped vith ree. -5/8 inch square mesh screen. The +1* in. lump, and the 5/8-,1* inch Uut passed over a single rubber picking belt s the lump riding on . one"side and the nut on the other, with only' the lump being picketL -This mixture of lump and nut was then . loaded for shipment, whereas the slack' vas loaded direct from the screens. Shaft No.15 The mine cars of coal were brought into the tipple by means of a single drUM electrically driven hoist, and the coal was discharged - with -the àid of à hand operated and dump. tippler t yith- out weighing,: Onto aYàtàtionery single-decked screen fitted with a y8 inch square 'Mesh Screen. No picking table was provided, the +5/8 in. lump -being"picked after loading into freight cars. . . "Théâlzeâ prépared,at%these two mines were as follmis:- • - i a) Run-of-mine çboth mines) b) Lump: Plus 117 in. (No.14 shaft) Plus 5/8 in, (No..15 shaft) (c .Nut: 5/8-4 in. (No.14 shaft) (d) Slack: 0-117 in. (No.14 shitft) " 0-5/8 in. (No.14&15 shaft) McDougal, John G. McDougal Shaft No.b. This mine, the fifth- opened on this property since 1934,, was ;palled in 1937, and closed down in 1940. The mines were situàted about 5 miles southeast of Minto on Newcastle creek, and were connected .by a spueline to the main line of the C.P.R. ' The No.5 mine with an output of from 45 to 60 tons per 8 hour day vas*:-entered.-by.a 6x12 foot shaft sunk to adepth of 29 feet to the top of.the coal. Mining was handpick using the room and pillar system, there being about 118 working places of which' only about one-third were used at, ane time. The rooms were ad- vanced on a 14 to 16 foot face for approximately 300 feet after which the pillars were extracted on the retreat. The coal vas hand loaded and' hand wheeled to the bottom.of the shaft in 400 pound: capacity wooden mine cars. The output of this mine varied 20. from 1.1 to 1.5 tons per ram per day. The cnal seam varied from 19 to 24 inches in thickness and was,hi,ghly fractured. There were no dhale or stone bands but peite in the form of "balls" and "streaks" was in abundance. There i'as underlying seam but there - was .a soft band of semi- îireclay about 4 to 8 inches ln thiCkness overlying the coal. The seam Varied appreciably in character from the so-called "soft", weathered coal .,..to the so-called "hard" or normal coal of the tain seam: - The southern section of the mine, approaching New- castle creek yielded mainly "soft" coal, whereas the no/them section contained mainly "hard" coal. The%oft"coarwas of such a nature that it was readily shovelled without the necessity of picking or shooting. Bankhead The cars of coal were brought into the tipple singly by . rab=sof a balanced cage operated by a steam driven single drum hoist. The coal _ars were end dumped by hand using a - station- ery bar trip, the coal dropping onto a 4x16 foot statibnery screen, fitted with a 1* inch square mesh plate. However, very little sctecned cbal was prepared, a wooden blind being more or less pernianently placed over. the screen, the mine run coal being loaded dflrect to cars for shipment. In preparation an attempt vas made t•o.keep the "hard" and "soft" coal separated, being loaded as such. CHIPMAN AREA Geo. H. Myles n co. Myles Slppe No.1 This underground mine opened in 1937 and closed since 1939, was situated abc -t 6 miles sputh of Chipman some distance from the main line of the C.P.R. The mine with an output of approximately 40 tons per 8 hour dày was entered by a 14x25 foot shaft 10 feet deep, with the main haulage slope dipping off the from the shaft at a 32 ° angle. All mining was hankpick. advance workbeing done on 6 foot haulage ways fpr about 150 feet, and retraat mining on the two 14 foot pillars on either sida of the roadway. The coal was loaded by hand into 400 Pound capacity wooden cars and hand wheeled to the bottom of the haulage slope. The coal seam was about 18 to 20 inches in thickness and all so-called "hard" coal. There was a "bone" pavement 3/4 inches 21. thick under which there occurred 2 te 5 nches of soft clay and then 3 to 6 inches of bottom coal which contained a large quantity of pyrite. This bottom coal vas not mined. The mined coal was quite bright and hard i rather'wet, and contained appreciable amounts of ankerite and pyrites in the form of "balls" and "streaks" Bankhead . . The cars of ce31 were brought up the slope by means of a dnuble-drumgitsoline operated hoist situated in the tipple. The coal was dumped tithout screening, w: -S.hing or picking into a 60-ton capacity bin, from which it was discharged to trucks for delivery to freight cars at the Pennlyn station 'lading platform. Thus only run-of-mine coal was produced. The output of the mine was about 7,21 tons peniman per day. Long Creek Strip Mine This stripping mine, started in 1933 and moerating inter- mittently till 1939, with an average daily output e approxi- mately 60 tons, was situated about 6 miles south of ::nipman on the triangular point of land between Lolg Creek and Salmon river. The overburden; varying from 6 .-to 24 feet in thickness, with an overall average of about 14 feet was removed, over a length of 1000 feet, by means of a gasoline operated excavator equipped with a 2* yard drag dipper, working from the surface level. The coal, uncovered in the 30 foot wide strip, was loosened with handpicks aided b7 some "shooting', and loaded by hand shovel into 4-ton trucks for delCvery to the loading ramp at Pennlyn station about 2i miles east of the stripping grounds. The coal was partially freed from impurities by hand- picking in the cut as well .as in the cars. No screening plant vas available, only run of mine coal being shipped. The output at this mine was /approximately 55 tons per ,man per day. The coal seam averaged about 20 inches. in thickness, and' was of the so-called "hard" type. There vas h.o flooney" material on the surface of the coal seam; but some "bene" was present between the coal,and the payemént. The coal wla quite bright and contained an appreciable quantity of ankerite and pyrite. Burpee Strip, Mine This tetripping operatien, Started in 1937 and closed down in 1940, with an average output of about 40 tor.: per day, vas located on the s Tr.. side of Opal Creek atout 8 miles south of Chipman. 22. The overburden,varying from 4 to 16 feet in thicktiess,vas remoVéd over a length of about 1400fbet, by means of a gasoline operated shovelW with a lk yard dipper, the excavator operating in the cut froM'the surface of'the coalseam. The coal, uticovered in a - cut about 18 feet wide, was loaded by hand shoVelling into . trucks fOr delivery to the loading ramp at the railway some.14 miles ,to the southeast of the mine. The coal seam was about 14 inches in thickness. The north- ern half of the strip was so-called "soft" coal, and the south- ern half vas "hare coal, the overburden increasing as the "hard" deal Was apPrOached. The "soft" coal vas .rather dull, very wet and.spongy. It was very soft and coUld be shovelled very readily . without the aid of .picking: The "hard"-coal was.fatrly bright, - comparatively hard and dry, and contained an appreciable_amount of ankerite and pyrite. This cotelvàs loosened with picks, and at times "shot" before shovelling vas possible. The coal shale was only a few inches thick over the "soft" coal, whereas in the %wed" coal section the coal shale was about 4 feet thick. The "soft" coal vas' not loaded direct to oars, but vas dumped on the ground and allowed to dry for a week prior to shipment. On drying this coal has the appearance of a fairly fine slack. No screening equipment was available ai]. .the coal being shipped asmined. The n soft" coal was usually shipped separate from the hard coal. The output of thié mine vas about 44 tons per*.man per.day. Pennlyn Coal Co. Ltd. Broderick Strip Mine - The above company' hâve several leases on both sides Of. Coal Creek,. some 7 miles south of Chipmanl and from time to time have changed their locations depending. On the feasibility of*strip mining. Usually one large cut and one small cut were in opera-' .tion,this being dependent'on the fact that only one dragline and one steam shovel were available. During 1938 all the stripp- ing was done on contract by the Broderick Construction Co. thus accounting-fpr.the name given to the mine -. The Broderick mine, started inthe springe or 1937, and located on the west side of Coal Creek, consisted of a cut about 1000 feet long, running north and south. The cover, varying from tb 21 feet in thickness, with an average of approximate1y- 16—. •eet,'wes removed by means of Steam operated exCavator fitted with 'Ét › 3i cubic yard dreg bucket. 23. -.The • coal seem varied in thickness from 16 to 24 inches, with an aVerage of 18 inches, and consisted of bot.h so-called soft" and "hard" coal. There did not seem to be a regular gradation from "soft" to "hard" coal, but the "soft" coal appeared in several strips of varying vidth across the cut. Ex- amination- of the overburden along the cut indicated that where "soft".cOà1 occurred the roe - or "coal shale" was either very thin or.absent, in comparison to the well preserved four to five feet of "coal shale" over the "hard" coal. The formations over- lying the "soft" coal: were apparently sufficiently porous to have allayed a more or less frëe seepage of water to the-coal bed, thereby effecting oxidation with attendent slacking. The "hard" coal alppeared to be similar to the normal coal in the field being bright, well-fractured, and supplied with an apprec- iable amount of pyrite in the form of "balls and "streaks". The soft coal on the other hand was a soft, spongy, slacked, dull appearing material, very vet, and devoid of visible pyrite. The cut, which exposed a band of coal 45 to 55 feet in width was composed of approximately 750 feet of "hard" coal and .250 feet of "soft" coal, yielding 20 cars of "soft" coal to every 80 cars of "hard" coal for each cut. The "hard" coal had to be loosened with picks aided by some shooting before it could be hand rrhovelled ., whereas the "soft" coal uas easily shovelled by hand uithout any preliminary loosening required. Both typez of coal, usually unmixed, were delivered by trucks to the loading ramp at Pennlyn station, and the"hard" coal was partially freed frem visible .:impurities by hand picking either in the cut or in the freIght cars. No equipment was available for preparation and thus only run-of-mine coal was shipped. The average daily output of the mine was approximately 100 tons; and the cutput per man per day was about 7 •7ons. King G.H. King Shaft No5 This mine, opened in 1937 and finally.?›.-t e.own in 1941, was situated about 3 miles south of Chipman on a spur of the C.P.R. In its place Shaft No.6, located in 'elm° same vicinity was opened late in 1941. • The No. 5 mine, witn an output of about 140 tons of coal per day, was entered by a 6x12 foot shaft 45 feet in depth. The main level,which was a continuation of the main levels from previous -hafts, extbnded for a distance of 90C. feet from the bottom of the s - The coal was divided into b ...locks by means 24. of by-levels at 57 foot centres driven in for a distance of app- roximately 200 feet. These blocks of coàl were mined on the re- treat by the so-called shortwall method. The cut was made on the top of the coal by - means of a Goodman longwall machine, and the loosened coal was hand loaded into 600 pound capacity wooden cars anlhauled by hand to the shaft. The coal vas about 18 inches thick, bright, highly fractured, with some sulphur "balls" and streaks and appreciable quantities of ankerite.. No. bands of shale, stone or bone were noticeable. Between the sandstone rdof and the coal there was a 12-Iftch band of hard shaiein which the cut was made., • - The characteristics of •the coal mined in No.6 shaft was sitelar in every respect to that worked in No.5 mine, but mining was conducted by hand using the room and pillar system. Bankhead (See Ftgure 11) The mine cars of coal, at No ,5 shaft, were brought to the surface by means of am:electrically operatea: balanced cage hoist. The coal was disbharged from the cars by means of a hand operated end dump into a smailfeed hopper from which the coal was inter- mittently reIntzpd onto a double-decked yibrating screen 10 feet long by 3 feet wide. The upper deck was equipped with a1 innh vire mesh screen, whereas the lower deck was fitted with a 5/8 . inch wire mesh screen. The plus l* inch lump and the 5/8-1* inch nut dropped onto a rubber conveying picking belt, the lump travelling on one side and the nut on the other. Only the lump was cleaned by picking. Either lum0, nut, or a mixture called II screened" coal could beloaded,as well.as run-of-mine. The slack passed either into a bin or was loaded direct to cars for ship- ment. The various size produàed were 'th ;s as follows: At No.6 mine the expeption that the preparation of of the paper mills. - Run of Mine Lump: +1* in: sq. Nut: 5/8-1.b in. sq. Screened: +5/8 in. sq. Slack: 0-5/8 in. sq. the preparation was the saMe as above with a crusher had been introduced allowing for Crushed Mine run, a product in . démand by SOMe Physical tests: Table I - Table II - Table III - Washing tests Table VIII Table IX Tablé IXA Tablé Table XI 25. , Chapter III PHYSICAL AND . CHEMICAL •CHARACTERISTICa-OF-.-TRE- COALS FROM THE MINTO COALFIELD The bulk of the samples of coal from this field, re- ported in this publication vere taken under the supervision of E. Swartzman, an officer of the Division of Fuels, during the summer of 1938. Approximately 2,000 pounds of coal representative or day's output, vas collected from each mine at the tipple. The ton samples were screened at the mine, and then the sizes-were reassembled for shipment to the laboratories at Ottawa. Here the samples were screened, for subsequent study, the two screen7 analyses, before and after shipment, being used as a guide to deÉradation as a result of handling and shipment. The data obtained from each mine studied in the various areas of the Minto Coalfield are presented in the following sets of tables, as listed belay:- Screen analyses, bulk density and apparent •pecift gravity. Size stability. Grindability. Chemical Table Table Table Table analyses: IV - Proximate analyses, caloriric value and ash fusi- bility. V - Ultimate analyses. VI - Sulphur Forms and fusain. VII - Chemical analysis of ash Figures 12 -Float and Sink data on le slack--ash and sulphur Chemical analyses and fusibility of ash of float and sink portions of l inCh slack. - Float and sink data on li - 4 inch lumps--ash - Chetical analyses, sulphur forms and fusain of raw coal, clean coal and refuse--1f inch slack. - Screen and chemical analyses of sizes prepared from 1 inch slack, and analyses of the clean coal and refuse of these sizes after washing at a sel- ected gravity. to 41 inclusive - WaChability curves re ash and sulphur. Coking tests: Table XII - Physical properties of by-product cokes as in- dicated by the 'swelling index' test, and caking index. • ' I .‘ . . • • - A full dissuasion of the significance of all the tests employed in this Investigation is presented in the Appendix of this report. •; • • • I . :; • • 27.4 43.2 148.0 55.4 61.9 69.2 79.7 87.1 96.5 100.0 38.8 38.8 13.6 52.4 3.6 56.0 7.0 63.0 4.4 67.4 7.6 75.0 8.3 88.3 6.5 ' 89.8, 7.2 97.(:q 3.0 loo.o) 47.3 44.3 44.0 46.3 46.0 46.0 46.5 46.5 53.5 Apparent Specific Aeh gravity OOOO 1147 1439 U304 1.39 12.8 1.38 16.1 1.40 16.2 1.41 16.5 1.40 19.8 1.41 23.2 1.41 29.7 1.41 35.4 100.0 56.8 61.2 56.5 51.0 53.5 28.6 49.5 32.6 58.3 44.0 58.8 10.2 53.5 100.0 72.6 59.7 34.5 38.1 52.0 12.9 15.5 19.1 17.1 14.6 20.7 23.1 1.41 30.9 Mine run O " - 4 " 1/8" - 4 3/4" - 4 " O " -3/4" o - O H NORTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM WEST SLOPE MINE,MINTO COAL CO. LTD. NORTH MINTO,NEW BRUNSWICK Table I. Screen Analya, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravitv Screeu analyses Bulk As receIvea. -I - s enea density By Cumu- By Cumu- lb. per. veight lative weight lative Cu. ft. Plus 4 " 27.4 2 " - 4" 15.8 le - 2 " 4.8 1 " - 14" 7.4 3/4" - 1 " 6.5 1/2" - 3/4" 7.3 1/4" - 1/2" 10.5 1/8" - 1/4" 7.4 No. 48 - 1/8" 9.4 o " - No. 48 3.5 Screen sizes * As mined As received Average size of run-of-mine coal in. 3.41 2.70 Size stability during handling from mine to Ottawa.. /. 79.1 +In this and subsequent tables, all screens 1/8" and larger are round-hole sureenti. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with norminal aperture of 0.295 mm. WEST SLOFE MINE TABLE II.. Sie Stabillty Screen analyses beforé and arter drop-shaEré7-test Single sizes Mixed sizes Screen -7 -3- inch ---- - -4- inch 57'4--=-4-----171h ---- 0 - 4 Fri:FE-- sizes 8-éra4e After Firi5F-é--wri7Ei,- refore Afber Arrer Before Arter --/-ZYfer test 2 drops test 2 drops test 2 drops 4 drops test 2 drops 4 drops _l___ % % % 3 " - 14 " 100.0 48.0 19.4 10.4 6 .7 9.2 9.2 7.1 2 IT _ 3 /I 100.0 61.0 19.5 26.4 21.3 17.5 12.5 9.6 10.4 al 1 " 2 - 2 li 15.3 8.0 13.9 13.8 14.2 6.6 6.7 6.7 1 " - 9.0 7.5 21.4 22.1 18.8 10.2 10.4 10.9 3/4" - 1 " 3.5 4.0 18.9 14.6 15.0 9.0 10.2 9.2 1/2" - 3/4" 4.0 5.0 8.7 12.5 10.1 11.0 11.7 0 " - 1/2 " 7.2 8.0 9.1 15.3 42.4 42.9 44.5 Average size..in. 2.50 1.98 3.50 2.49 2.02 1.62 1.41 1.11 1.08 1.06 t..: ize ' stability.21_ 79 ___ 71 81 7 0 98 91 Q TABLE III. Grindability* Screen size of Hardgrov6- 17ndex coal tested Old o " - 4 " • 69 O " - 3/4" 73 O " -118 " 83 *See Appendix It t1 0.0 1 19.1 (8.4 WEST SLOPE TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Screen sizes Mois- Dry UâiTi-- Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow ture Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform- ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- ' (as tile carbon phur rifle ation perature rature range terval val recd) matter value -1---- I-- -1 % Btu/lb. °F. F. °F. °F. °F. °F. Plus 4 it . 1.0 11.7 33.2 2 " - 4 " 0.9 13.4 32.7 - 2 " 1.0 12.8 33.2 1 " - 1.0 16.1 32.1 3/4" - 1 " 1.0 16.2 32.0 1/2" -3/4" 1.0 16.5 31.7 1/4" -1/2" 1.0 19.8 31.3 1/8" -1/4" 1.1 32.2 30.3 No. 48 -1/8" 1.1 29.7 28. 0 o " - No. 48 1.6 35.4 26.0 55.1 6.1 1900 2010 2050 150 110 40 32.7 6.2 1950 2015 2050 100 65 35 54.0 6.0 1880 1980 2030 150 100 DO 51.8 6. 0 1890 1930 2040 lgo 90 60 51.8 5.6 1880 1980 2060 180 100 80 51.8 5.9 1900 2010 2050 150 110 40 48.9 5.9 1980 2050 2170 190 70 120 46.5 5.9 1900 2030 2110 210 130 80 42.3 5.7 1990 2100 2140 150 110 40 38.6 5.8 ...., 2000 2130 2185 185 130 5 1.0 15.5 31.7 52.8 5.9 12,910 1930 2080 2110 180 150 » 1.1 19.1 30.9 50.0 5.8 12,360 1900 2060 2090 190 160 1.0 17.1 31.5 51.4 6.0 12,625 1890 2020 2075 185 130 1.1 14.6 31.7 53.7 6.0 13,085 1880 2000 2050 170 120 1.2 20.7 30.4 48.9 5.6 12,060 1880 2000 2060 180 120 1.3 23.1 29.6 47.3 5.7 11,700 1880 2050 2100 220 170 _121_222._ 27.1 42.0 5.5 10,255 2040 2130 2220 180 90 Mine run 0 " - 4 " 1/8" - 4 " 3/4" - 4 " 0 " - 3/4" 0 " - " o " - 1/8" 0 90 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen ---neyeri.---WsR- _% Mini-51e Carbon Screen siTze'à-7-"glt3-7kTitr5-7-"Fe203 CaO -Rie-14-â2lie K20 Ti02 WEST SLOPE MINE TABIg VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain - 4 " - 4 " 0 " -3/4" O " - O " -1/8" O t,1 ToEal UTilphafU Py-fît .!c Screen sulphur suipbur sizes .7e--Ur- 2n5r" 6F-- ("cal coal sulphur _ 5.78 0.11 1.9 5.92 0.11 1.8 5.52 0.14 2.5 5.63 0.16 2.8 5.40 0.27 5.0 3.96 3.84 4.01 4.01 sulphur 5-1517.---576r7 coal sulphur 68.5 1.71 29.6 3.85 64.9 1.97 33.3 3.42 72.6 1.37 / 24.9 4.74 71.2 1.46 25.0 4.58 4.26 78.9 0.57 16.1 6.15 , Organic Fusain sulphur . %"7-Er -"dr-' pure coal sIllptur coal TABLE VIX. Chemical. Analyses of Ash / 0 " - 14 " 40.4 14.3 34.6 3.2 1.1 0.0 0.9 0.6 / Analyses made in chetical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerala, of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. 0.5 5.1 100.7 nnder the direction Curve"No. 1.30 2 0 .8 3.4 2.5 20.8 3.4 2.5 100.0 20.1 •5.4 1 30 1.40 36.6 •7• 5 4.2 57.4 6.0 • 3.6 79.2 24.5 6.2 1.40 1.50 11.3 14.8 6.7 68.7 7.4 4.] 42.6 39.2 7.9 150 1.60 8.8 21.7 8.4 77.5 9.0 4.6 31.3 48.0 8.4 1.60 22.5 58.3 8.4 100.0 20.1 5.4 22.5 58.3 8.4 1.35 74.2 1.40 55.4 1.45 30.9 1.55 . 17.1 1.65 10.8 1.75 . 6.5 2 2 • 1,2,4 1 1 3 3.3 5 • 9 WEM SLOPE MINE TABLE. VIII. Float and-Sink Data ..on. leSlack. - -.- Agh-.and , Sulphur'. • •. . . • • , , Specific . .Cumulative :. . +.10 .fePecific gravity gravity Weight Ash Sul. ena-s Sinks . distribution Sinks Floats , phur WUTght Ash eiiiihur Wbie7-Ash gUI5hur 'Gravity Canulated ordinate % % _1 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis.and Fusibility of Ash On :floats and.Sink Portions of li" Slack (Dry Basis) Specific- • Vola gravity . -, Ash tile Fbted: Coking Sinks Floats •• matter carbon properties •1 • % Initial Soft- Fluid Melt- Soften- ,Flow Sul- deform- ening tempe- ing ing in- inter- phur ation point rature range terval val °F._ °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. 1.30 3.4 37.8 58.8 Good 2.5 1870 1920 1980 110 50 60 1.30 1.40 7.4 35.6 57.0 Good 4.3 1930 2030 2100 170 100 70 1.40 1.50 15.0 30.0 55.0 Good 6.8 1920 2035 2100 180 115 65 1.50 1.60 21.9 26.9 51.2 Good 8.5 1870 1940 2040 170 70 100 1.60 • 59.2 17.8 23.0 Poor 8.5 1940 2100 2200 260 160 ' 100 1-1 Raw. coar Cleen coal Floats 1.60 refuse 1.60 27.4 60.6 17.8 21.6 8.6 2100 250 2oor 8.86 8.49 O.20 7. 1i) 0.80 Wcight % 100.0 Proximate analysis(dry baisis)-- Ash % 23.1 volatile Matter % 29.6 Fixed carbon - - % 47.3 3u1phur . . . % 5.7. Calorific value é B.t.u./lb.11,700 Fusain point of ash F. 2050 Melting range of ash F. 220 Coking - properties - - Fair • Fusain in pure coal % 4.58 SulpEur Forms (A.R.)* Total of coal % 5.63 Sulphate of coal % 0.16 Pyritic - of coal % 4.01 Organic of coal % 1.46 72 .6 9.7 53.9 56.4 4.9 14,015 1970 200 Good 3.38 4.82 0.12 2.80 1.90 WEST SLOPE TABU X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal, Clean Coal and - -:use TABLE XI. Screens and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From le Slack; and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Sizes After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Screen sizes 'PeighE- CumuIatTiïé wieght ABE guI- p.r.A. Floats Sinks phur 'ÇMTgrit--Asn Su'. F.P.A. We1pf--- 1h72M717--F.F.-X. °F. % % ° F. 26.7 48.5 24.8 2 6.7 75.2 100.0 3/4" - 1/8" -3/4" o " -1/8" 16.1 5.8 1980 91.4 9.5 5.1 1930 19.8 5.9 2030 76.9 9.1 4.8 1985 30.9 5.5 2130 51.5 10.6 4.2 2040 8.6 52.9 9.3 2100 23.1 57.6 9.6 2130 48.5 51.5 7.5 2 095 14% SULPHuR 10 -u 30 Pi C) rt, z 40 k- 5C ri I -In 60 • 0 (1) 7L) 80 90 : -.IN à III 1 iiii , II i " f leir i ' d 1,12 i ev im I ri6 e, 3 _,H --- 'ball I -7 -Î , 1 i t ,.... „ i 1 MT 111161111 1 --- 11' ■ 11 115 III f ,kigo jrril • 1 II II - b- À 11 , .. _., I II Il I 90 80 70 -o rn 60 rn 50 rn 5 40 (1) Ro o /0 20 30 40 50 60X ASH 2 4 6 1.9 18 / •7 /•6 /.5 14 SPECIFIC GRAVITY /-g 1.8 1-7 /-6 Figure 12 - Washability Curves for West Slope Mine, Minto Coal Company, Limited. 1 1 inch s«.:.ack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or suiphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution. 15 It inch slack As received After vashine _ . gm.. ■•••■ elm WEST SLOPE td/NE TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-Product Coke! As Indicated by: the iSvelling . Index'.Test 33. ° t i Volatle mater at 600C.(dry ) _ . _ 23.0 435 rx 182.5 F -Ortho- bituminous 23.1 - Swelling index . Section--Coke classification chart....,. Specific volatile index..... Section—Coal classification chart Ash per cent in coal (dry basis).... Physical Properties of Coke 1 ' ... Size on wharf f% on 3" screen `Breeze: _% -1/2"screen.. Shatter test (Index: % on.lrscreen.. 'Breeze: -1/2" Abrasion test (Index: on ltfi screen Dust:. -1/16 . Density iApp. .Specific gravity...... lbs. per oubic foot... Transverse shrinkage. Appearance of natural surface .- . . Shape _. , . .,. . Strength . . Cross fracture Longitudinal fracture Cell structure Sponge Pebbly seam 30.9 388 V near VI 183.8 F -Ortho- bituminous 9.7 80.0 40.0 4.0 3.0 65.0 40.0 5.0 5.0 900 80.0 2.5 3.5 1:1 0.90 31.5 27.0 Good Good. Steel grey slight- Steel ly irregular grey Irregular Blocky slightly Triangular triangular fingery Tough 'pragile Small to med. Med. to large slightly steppy Amt.steinif Small to med. Med,to large Small - to med. Medium Small amt. Small to med. amt. None None .% 11 • Remarks This.coal is so high in ash that the by-product coke would be entirely un- satisfactory .1111. Caking Properties This coal is unsatisfact- ory when used alone for the producti on of good grade bt-product. coke. Càking index by Gray's method Run-of-mine sample 49 Bulk Apparent density Specific --- Ib. per cu. ft. gravity Ash 414.0 145.0 143.0 45.0 44.3 . 47.0 146.0 55.3 56.3 54.0 45.8 55.3 55.8 55.3 13.0 12.2 12.6 , 13.2 14.5 17.4 22.3 23.7 32.8 14.9 11.6 13.9 17 4 • 17.4 1.41 26.3 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.41 •■■■,«8••••■■• NORTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM WEST SLOPE MINE n:17.Co tOA•l', CO. LTD. NORTH,MINTO NEW BRUNSWICK . (SAMPTE CRUSRED'TO PASS 4 in. SCREEN) TABLE I. Screen Analyses,Billk Density aqd Apparent SpecificGravity Screen sizes* Plus 4 2 " - 4 " 14" - 2 " 1 " - 14" 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" - 1/4" No. 48 - 1/8" O " - No. 48 -- 0 " - 4 " 1/8" - 4 " 3/4" - 4 " O " - 3/4" O " - 14" O " - 1/8" Scrèen Analyses As received - % ' By Cumu- Weight lative 0.0 33.3 48.9 64.2 70.0 77.5 87.3 92.5 98.0 100.0 100.0 92.5 70.0 30.0 51.1 ' 7.5 0.0 33.3 15.6 153 5.8 " 9.8 5.2 5.5 2.0 Average size of run-of-mine coal . n. i As received 17-67. • . • - . e In t-nis and subseuuent. tables; 'all.acrens 1/8 and larger are round-hole screens, No. 48 is Tyler 4É-meh with nominal aperature of 0.295 mm. . * This oample, collected ln 1936 by the operator, was cushed . at the mine prior to ship- ment and thus is not comparle to the ;,ther samples which were in the as mined" con- ,p,- dition, that is, without prepe,ation of any kind. . WEST SLOPE MINE (FROM SAMPLE CRUSHED TO PASS 4 in. SCREEN) TABLE II. Size Stability Screen analises before and after drop-shatter-t-est SInE1f....!1Zes Mixed sizes Screen 2 - 3 inc.ti • ) :7"--374 1. inch 777 sizes fore ter IJUTore After efore After After test 2 drops test 2 drops test • 2 drape 4 drops re 3" - 4" 100.0 44.4 16.2 14.0 9.5 2" - 3" 100.0 55.5 23.1 31.4 26.0 24.0 - 2" 15.5 8.2 22.3 15.0 20.5 1" - lim 11.6 8.2 21.8 20.5 12.0 3/4"- 1" 4.9 4.0 8.3 9.0 10.0 4.2 3.7 6.5 9.5 0" -1/2" 8.3 8.4 9.0 14.5 Average size..in.2.50 1.89 3.50 2 4,5 2.09 1.80 1.62 Size stability.A 76 . 70 86 78 TABLE III. Grifidability* Screen size of Hardgrove index coal tested .. 0" - 4" 74 0" - 3/4" 74 0" - 1/8" 79 *See Appendix WEST SLOPE MINE (FROM SAMPLE CRUSHED TO PASS 4 in. SCREEN TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses,Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Mois- Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow ture Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform- ing tem- tempe- inf ing in- inter- Screen sizes (as tile carbon phur rifle ation perature rature range terval val recd) matter _ . . '. value. % % % % % _____ Btu.lb. ° F. ° F. ° F. ° F. °F. 2 " - 4 " 0.7 13.0 32.4 54.6 5.6 ‘.. 1840 19) 0 1950 110 90 20 li" - 2" 0.7 12.2 33.3 54.5 5. 0 1865 1960 1960 125 95 3 0 1 " - ir 0 .7 12.6 33.8 53.6 5.8 ......, 1900 1970 2000 100 70 30 3/4" - 1 " 0 .5 13.2 33.3 53.5 6.2 ... 19c0 1975 2 005 105 7-; 30 1/2" - 3/4" 1. 0 14.5 32.8 52.7 6.1 1900 1980 2000 loo 80 20 1/4" - 1/2" 1.0 17.4 32.0 50.6 6.1 193 0 1990 2clo 80 6 0 20 1/8" - 1/4 1 1.0 22.3 30.2 47.5 6.9 1930 2000 2050 120 70 50 No. 48 - 1/8" 1.1 23.7 29.2 47.1 6.6 1910 1990 2040 130 80 50 o n - I\Jo. 48 1-2 32.8 25.5 41.7 7.1 1950 2030 2050 100 80 20 ---7,-- d. : -II" 6.97 14.9 32.2 52.9 6.2 12,82C 1890 1940 1960 70 50 - -- 70 1/8" - 4 ° 0.7 11.6 33.5 54.9 5.4 '13,5i5 1870 1935 1950 80 65 15 3/4" - 4 " 0,8 13.9 32.5 55.6 6 1 15,1 4 0 1870 1930 1940 70 60 10 0 " - 3/4" 1.0 17.4 31.7 50.9 6.0 12,390 1895 1960 1980 85 65 20 0 " - le 0.9 17.1 32.0 50.9 6.2 12,595 1910 2030 2060 150 120 30 2:_z 1/81_1.2 26.3 28.3 45.4 6.6 11,020 1950 2040 2050 100 90 10 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (dry basis) Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxyrn Ash - 4" 72.8 4.7 6.1 0 .8 1.7 13.9 " -1/8" 61.3 4.2 6.6 0 .7 0.9 26.3 Pyritic sulphur % or- -For . . coal sulph,ur. Total Sulphate sulphur Sulphur % of coal coal sulphur 1.95 31.9 3.9 7 2. 06 34.2 3.60 2.05 38.4 3.65 1.79 30.0 4 03 1.82 29.5 3.97 6.98 6.11 0.18 2.9 3.98 65.2 6.03 0.15 2.4 3.82 63.4 5.34 0.11 2.0 3.18 59.6 5.97 0.18 3. 0 4.00 67. 0 6.16 0.16 2.7 4.18 67.8 6.52 0.23 3.6 4.86 74.5 1.43 21.9 Screen sizes 0 " - 4 " 1/8" - 4 " 3/4" - 4"" O " -3/4" O " - li" o " - 1/8" Organic Fusain sulphur % of % of % of pure coal sulphue - coal WEST SLOPE MINE (FROM SAMPLE CUSHING TO PASS 4 IN. SCREEN) TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain r N.B. Table VII has ilteen omitted as no ash analyses were available for tbis coal. VEST SLOPE MINE (FROM SAMPLE CRUSHED TO PASS 4 in. SCREEN) TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on 14" Slack - Ash and Sulphur Specific gravity Weight Sinks Floats Cumulative Ash Sul- Floats Sinks phur Weight Asli-UM-FEUr Weight Ash SuITEur % % % 16.9 6.1 22.7 7.5 37.1 9.5 47 • 3 10.5 55.1 11.1 ••■■••••■■••■•■■•■ • ■•■••••■••■•■■■•••■■•■•••■■••• 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 Curve No. 4 31.4 4.0 3.1 31.4 4.0 3.1 100.0 35.6 9.4 5.6 67.0 6.9 4.5 68.6 10.7 16.0 7.5 77.7 8.1 4.9 33.0 5.4 22.8 8.6 83.1 9.1 5.1 22.3 16.9 55.1 11.1 100.0 16.9 6.1 16.9 2 2 1,2,4 -.1 3 specific gravity distribution Uravity U-aTicuiàrgd ordinate 1.35 81.6 1.40 51.4 1.45 28.9 1.55 11.7 1.65 5.8 1.75 3.9 5_ TABLE IX. Chemical Analysts and Fusibility of Ash on Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (Dry Basis) Specific Vola- gravit tile Fixed Sinks Floats matter carbon 1.30 4.2 36.7 59.1 1.30 1.40 9.8 34.2 56.0 1.40 1.50 16.2 30.0 53.8 1.50 1.60 23.1 26.9 50.0 1.60 56.0 18.3 25.7 Initial Soft- Fluid Melt- Soften - Flow Sul- deform- ening tempe- ing ing in- inter- phur ation point rature range terval val % F. °F. ° F. F. ° F. 1900 1970 2130 230 70 160 1920 2015 2145 225 95 130 1870 1960 1975 105 90 15 1870 1959 1970 100 85 15 1920 2000 2080 160 80 80 Coking properties Good 3.1 Good 57 Fair 7.6 Poor 8.7 Agglomerate 11.3 30 4C; 1.7 60%ASH 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY /..9 .14% SULPHUR 4 6 1.7 8 /.6 12. 1.4 /.5 20 1.9 -o ri e t4C -- ri .50 .-1 (5.0 0 _ - /C) 3° I I iIuIi. I1i Il 11 1 II 1 À it IL A 1 y , ■ . I: . .-__, i_______. ,- , ,---›-c---:, i _- ---,---..„--,:_---_-__+- I-- I _I_ I 1_ L ' 4-- 1 ! . 1 1 _.1_ j Rik au I Ill Ilis. 1 au 11 f 1 6 i ■IL 1 11 ' it 3. ai i III r I [ ---- ̀11 d I f" l rair W- r __ -- 1 90 80 70 ri rn z --4 > Cs) ri 50 I 40 cl) (I) 30 Figure 13 - Washability Curves for West Slope Mine, Minto Coal Company, Limited. 1;1 inch slack from crushed mine run. Curve J. - Cumulative coal-ash or su2phur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentee. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulpPur percenta7e (sink). Curve 4 - Srecific gravity. Curve 5 - - .10 specific etravity distribution. . wEST SLOPE MINE (FROM SAMPLE CURSHED TO PASS 4 IN. SCREEN) TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal, Clean Cal and Refuse (li in. slack) Raw Clean coal Refuse coal Floats 1.60 Sinks 1.60 Weight % 100.0 80 . 0 20.0 Proximate analysis (dry basis).- Ash % 17.1 9.8 Volatile matter % 32.0 '33.9 Fixed carbon % 50.9 56.3 Sulphur % 6.2 5.3 Calorific value B t u /lb. 12,595 13,900 • Fusion point of ash..... . ....F. 2030 1960 Melting range of ash .... . .... °F 150 , 05 Coking properties Good Good Fusain in pure coal % 3 97 3.92' 8.94 Sulphur Forms (A.R.)* Total sulphur... •. ....of coal % . 6.16 .5.20• Sulphate sulphur ......of coal % 0.16 0.09 Pyritic sulphur of coal % 4.18 .3 07 Organic sulphur of coal % 1.82 2.04 TABLE X/. Screen and Chbmical Analyses of Sizes Prepared . From li" Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse ar Iltese Sizes After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Screen Weight Cumulative Ash Sul- F.P.A. Floats Sinks - sizes weight phur Weight Ash -UM-F.P.A. .r:ight Ash Sul. F.P.A. -g_ % °F. %. % °F. ;dg % % 3/4" - 41.2 41.2 12.8 5.9 1970 91.0 10.0 5.2 1970 9.0 54.5 10.0 2030 1/8" - 3/4" 44.1 85.3 17.8 6.3 1990 80.5 9.1 5.2 2000 19.5 53.0 11.1 2040 0" - 1/8" 14.7 100.0 26., 6.6 2040 66.2 13_._2 4.9 20'..0 )3.8 48.1 9.1 2030 VD . , * A.P.- As received basis 54.5 • 18.7 . 26.8 • 1(1.8 5,930 1990 . 150 Agglomerate 10.69 0.23 9.37: - 1.09, Mine run O " 4" 1/8" •-.. 4" 3/4" - 4" O -3/4" o •" - 1.1" o -1/8" 100.0 100.0 90.8 86.6 78.3 74.7 • 38.5 41.7 •52.3 44.9 72.1 66.4 12.5 11.9 Plus 4" 9.2 2 " 4" 12.9 le . - 4-2" 5.8 . 1 " - 10.9 3/4" - 1" . 8.9 1/2" -3/4" . 13.7 1/4" -1/2" 16.7 1/8" -1/4" . 9.4 No. 48 -1/8" . 9.3 o " - No. 49 3.2 9.2 13.4 13.4 22.1 14.0 27.4 27.9 6.2 33.6 38.8 12.5 46.1 47.7 9.0 55.1 61.4 11.0 66.1 78.1 12.4 78.5 87.5 9.6 88.1 96.8 9.1 97.2 100.0 2.8 100.0 TABLE 1. -NORTH MINTO AREA - -MAIN SEAM MIRAMICHI No. 15 MINE, MIRAMICHI LUMBER MIRAMICHT,NEW BRUNSVICK - Screen Analyses,Bulk Density and Apparent Specific CO; LTD. GraVity Screen analyses Bulk As received . As mined • density Apparent Specific gravity 1.38 1.39 1.11.0 1.39 1.110 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.38 in; Size stability durinz handling from mine to Ottawa.., .% 82.5 *In this and subsecinent tables, all screens 1/8" and larger are - roUzidhole Scréens No. 248 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperature of 0.295 mm. Average size or min-of-mine coal Screen sizes* ---% By •*Weight , --%7- Cumu- By Cilmn- lative 1.1ight lative lb. per cu. ft. 44.5 45.3 45.3 45.8 46.o 46.3 45.3 115.0 6o.o 57.0 52.3 46.8 511.0 . 55.5 53.0 As mine 1.81 12.1 13.6 13.2 14.7 19.7 15.3 16.2 18.1 21.7 27.7 16.8 15.7 15.4 15.7 19.7 16.5 22.4 As received 1. 119 82.5 •Ash 4. No.15 MINE Site Stability MIRAMICHI TABLE II. Screen analyses b efore and after drop -shatter test' Screen sizes - 3/4 - 4 Before After.- test 2 drops % * Sineé sizes . 2 - .3 inch 3 - 4 inch Before After Before After test 2 drops -test 2. drops Mixed sizes . inch , • 0- 47 Fat - After:Before Arter Aftér . 4 ?Imes test 2 drbpa 4 drapa 3" -4" e _ 3 " 100.0 - 2" lfi - lin 3/4n - ln 1/2n -3/4n On -1/2 n Average size..in. 2.50 Size stability..% 49.5 1q.0 13.0 5.0 4.5 9.0 1:83 .73 43.5 20.0 9.0 8.0 4.5 5.5 9.5 3.50 2.38 68 9.6 23.9 15.1 28.3 23.1 1..75 4.6 15.8 15.0 23.8 20.4 10.0 10.4 1.39 79 2.5 15.8 11.2 21:7: 19;6 13.3 15.9 1.25: 4.2 4.2 10.1 10.0 6:4 :12.0 10.0 - 9:8 10.0 151 15.0 42.4: 46.2 0.94 0.89 95 4.2 7.5 5.8 9.2 10..0" 14.2 49.1 0.10kie 100.0 TABLE III.. Grjnai1ity* Bcreen size of Hardgrove index ."coal tested Old 0" 64 .0" .-3/4" • .63 0" -1/8" 73 - * See Appendix Plus 4 " 2 " - k" - 2 i n - le 3/10 - 1" 1/2" - 3/4 " 1/4" - 1/2 " -1/8" - 1/4 " No. 48 - 1/8 " O " - No. 48 tI Mine run 0 " - 4" - 4 " 3/4" - 4 " O " - 3/4 " O " - " - 1/8 " Screen sizes MIRAMICHI No.15 MINE TABIE rv. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Iniiï1'Soreéh: Pluid -mm - Sonen- Fruw deform- ing tem- tempe- in g ing in- inter- a'cion perature rature range terval val °F. ° F. °F. °F. ° F. 0.8 12.1 33.0 54.9 6.7 1940 2020 2035 95 80 15 0.7 13.6 32.4 54.0 7.0 1910 1990 2000 90 80 10 0.8 13.2 32.7 54.1 6.6 1910 1980 1990 80 70 10 0.8 14.7 33.2 52.1 6.8 1900 1980 2000 100 80 20 0.8 15.7 32.8 51.5 6.5 1900 1980 2000 100 80 20 0.9 15.3 32.3 52.4 6.3 1910 2000 2030 120 90 30 0.8 16.2 31.7 52.1 6.7 1910 1990 2000 90 80 10 0.8 18.1 31.7 50.2 6.6 1910 1990 2010 100 80 20 0.7 21.7 30.7 47.6 6.4 1900 1980 2000 110 80 30 1.3 27.7 30.3 42.0 6.7 : 1900 1980 2000 100 80 20 -1:0 16.8 31.7 51.5 6.6 12,695 1910 1990 2010 100 -80 --C-). 0.9 15.7 32.3 52.0 6.6 12,900 1900 1980 2000 100 80 20 0.8 15.4 32.1 52.5 6.4 13,000 1910 1990 2010 100 80 20 0.8 15.7 32.4 51.9 7.1 12,840 1910 2000 2010 100 90 10 1.0 19.7 31.4 48.9 6.5 12,175 1900 1980 2000 100 80 20 1.0 16.5 32.2 51.3 6.3 12,760 1920 2000 2020 100 80 20 1.0 22.4 30.6 47.0 6.3 11,625 1920 2010 2030 110 90 20 Mois- y 'bans t=e Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- (as tile carton phur rific reed) matter value Btu/Th TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (-Dry Basis) Sample 0" - Carbon ' Hydrogen Sulphur 69.7 4.5 . 6.6 Nitrogen Oxygen Ash 0.7 2.8 15.7 r.) Screen sizes O " - 4 1/8" - 4 " -u o " ft O 11 1 Pyritic sulphur_ -%-or coal sulphur 4.00 4.00 4.18 -4.35 61.4 63.4 66.6 69.7 KTRAMICHI No. 15 MfNE TABLE VI. S..nphur Forms aud Fusain ■■■■■• Total Sulphate sulPhur sulphur % or For coal coal sulphur 6.52 0 14 6.31 0.12 6.28 0.17 6.24 0.38 Organic Fusain sulphur -3-75-f- F-6r----%- if pure coal sulphur coal 2.38 36.5 3.26 2.19 34.7 3.02 1.93 30. 7 4.54 1.51 24.2 2.1 1.9 2.7 6.1 TABLE VIII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / Screen sizes S 102 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO K20 T102 !,205, SO3 Totpl Na20 0 " - 1 " 34.7 25.6 29.6 3.4 1.4 0.0 1.6 0.8 0.5 2.7 100.3 MIRAMICHI No.15 MINE TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on lr Slack - Ash and Sulphur Specific Cumulative +.10 specific gravity s.,ravity Weight Ash Sul ----=r5îïr-.s ----W"- - distribution Siiiks Floats phur Weight Ash SulpEUF Vélga--Tifi-SUIfflf Gravity CalcuIated % ordinate 78.4 63.4 67.4 15.1 7.3 5.0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 Curve No. 1.30 19.3 3.6 2.8 19.3 3.6 2.8 100.0 17.2 6.4 1.40 41.3 8.5 4.9 60.6 6.9 4.2 80.7 20.5 7.3 1.50 15.4 15.5 7.8 76.0 8.7 5.0 39.4 33.1 9.8 1.60 5.9 21.7 9.0 81.9 9.6 5.2 24.0 44.4 11.0 18.1 51.8 11.7 100.0 17.2 6.4 18.1 51.8 11.7 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.5, 1.63 1.75 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash On Float and Sink Portions of lr Slack (Dry Basis) - SPecifi-----è-----W gravity Ash tile Fixed Coking Sul- Sinks Floats matter carbon properties phur 1.30 3.6 37.1 59.3 Good 2.9 1.30 1.40 8.5 35.6 55.9 Good 5.0 1.40 1.50 15.7 31.6 52.7 Gooô 7.8 1.50 1.60 21.9 24.3 53.8 Fair 9.1 1.60 52,4 19.6 28.0 Poor 11.8 Initlal Soft- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow deform- ening tempe- ing ing in- inter- ation point rature range terval val F. °F. °F. °F. (IF. F. 1860 1930 2010 150 70 PO 1900 2030 2050 150 130 2'0 1910 2050 2080 170 140 30 1910 1980 2030 120 70 50 1900 2010 20110 110 110 - 30 iiïiiiiiiiiii ILIIII1fIEIL_I 11 -o z rri C) rr) 0 cn -o c) 60 50 40 ( r) 30 20 /0 40 50 1.6 15 60%. ASH 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY / •9 /4% SULPHUR 1.4 8 1.6 4 h5 6 »7 Figure 14 - Washability Curves for Miramichi Mine, Miramichi Lumber Company, Limited. L inch slack . Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - .10 specific gravity distribution. ih. II 1 a ak a. to kilds i iim isipz / 3 ii / r Al id q In -,-- i 1 I 30 -u rn rri 40 5 -9' 60 0 cn 70 80 go •■• 50 1.5 40 1.6 k9 60% A .SH 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 20 30 1.8 1•7 Figure 15 - Washability Curves for Miramichi Mine, Miramichi Lumber Company, Limited. *-4 inch,lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - t .10 specific gravity distribution. 57.5 25.5 34.2 38.2 10.2 3.0 SIRAMICHI No.15 MINE TABLE TM: Float and Sink Data on li n - 4" Lump - Ash . . ..K10 . speoifio gravity Sinks distribution • Specific Weight.. Ash Floats .• Weight . Ash Wei BIRki7-71-bàtà • % t ' Ah Gravity -Caloulated - ordinate 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50. . 1.50 1:60 1.60 1.35 47:7 8.2 47.7 8.2 100.0 .14.2 1.40 4.2 13.9 51.9 8.7 52.3 19.7 1.45 19.5 14.2 71.4 10.2 48.1 20.2 1.55 .. 15:7 19.4 87.1 11.8 28.6 . 24.3 1.65 12.9 30.3 100.0 14.2 12.9 30.3 1.75 Curve No. 4 • - - 2 1,2,4 1 3 3 5 Ul Rav coal Clean coal Floats 1.60 Refusè Sinks 1.60 - 85.0 9.8 34.8 55-4 5.6 13,935 2020 130 Good 2.92 15.e 54-6 19.3 .25.9 11.7 . • 2000 160 Poor 8.36 100.0 MIRAMICHI No .15 MINE • TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal,Clean Coal and Refuse (0 - inch Slack) Weight Proximate analysis (dry basis)-- Ash Volatile matter Fixed carbon: - - ,Sulphur Calorific 'value Fusion point of ash Melting Panty) of ash ' Coking Draerties . Fusain in pure coal % 4 54 Sulphur Forma (A.R.)* e 'Total - - ..e, coal % . 6.28 H 5.52 Sulphate t of.coal % 0.17 . 0.15 Pyritic ' oç coal'% 4.18 :3.04 Organic of ddal %.%; 1.93 2.33 *As received basis . % 16.5 % 32.2 % 51.3 % 6.3 t.u./lb. 12,760 °F. 2000 °F. 100 Good 11.52 0.36 9-55 1,61 • TABLE XI. Screen and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From ..._ • . - 1/ 4 Slack, and Ane7ses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of Thess Sizes After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 , Screen sizes Weight Cumulative weight Ash Sul- F.P.A. Floats Milks phur Weight Ash Sul. F.P.A. Weight STA. F.P.A. % % °F. % % °F. I % °F. 27.4 82.6 100.0 3/4"-13-" 27.4 1/8" -3/4 " 55.2 On -1/8n 17.4 15.2 6.6 1980 87.3 10.8 5.8 2000 12.7 45.8 11.8 1980 16.4 6.6 1990 84.9 9.9 5.4 2030 15.1 54.5 11.2 2090 22.4 6.3 2010 70.2 8.7 4.4 2035 29.8 54.9 11.3 2075 le 30.1 385 • lr . 182:7 • F 16;5 46a. - MIRAMICHI No.15 MINE TABLE XII. Physical . Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated by- the - 1SWelling Index' Test Ili inch slack As rectmilired AftefiTfifsfititei Volatile matter at 600 ° C. (Dry•Basis Swelling index . Section--Coke classification chart Specific volatièe . ..... Section—Coal classification:cbart Ash per cent in coal (dry basi4)... Physical properties of coke-, Size om wharf on. 3" screen. - ... % -1/e. Shatter test Abrasion test Transverse Appearance Shape Strength Cross fracture Longitudinal fracture. . Cell structure - • - Sponge Pebbly seam • Remarks 31.8 475 V 181.7 Orthobituminoun 9.8 30.4 40.0 4.0 3.0 40:0 45.0 • 6.0 5.0 • 75.0 80.0 . 4.0 4.0 0.95 0.90 28.0 26.0 Good Steel grey, Irregular Slightly. triangular,.fingery - Fragile .- Med -. to large amt. steppy Med. to large amt. Medium Small to med. amt.. None This coal, raw or wahsed, is unsuftable, when used alone, for the manufacture of suitable domestic by-produet coke. on 2' screen.. 7. 1"2 " . . on lt" screen. •-1/16-1 Density (App. SPecific, Gravity 'Lbs. per cubfe foot shrinkage - of natliral:silliface... . • Breeze: (Index: 'Breeze: (Index: • • • Caking Properties Caking Index by Gray's method Run-of-mine sample SOUTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM TWEEDIE MINES,MINTO COAL CO. LTD. ROTHWELL (near) NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity Screen analyses Bulk Apparent As recdriréd -As mined density Screen sizes* --% % % % --- specific ,Ash By Cumu- By Cumu- lb. per weight lative weight lative cu. ft. gravity % __ Plus 4 it 3.1 3.1 4.2 4 2 46. 0 13.2 2 I ' - 4 " 12.3 15.4 18.5 22.7 46. 0 1.4.0. 14.2 li-li - 2 " 7.5 22.9 7.1 29.8 44.8 1.40 13.4 1 " - 14 " 12.7 35.6 15.5 45.3 45.3 1.39 J3.7 3/4" - 1 " 10.1 45.7 10.2 55.5 45.8 1.41 14.0 1/2" - 3/4" 14.1 59.8 10.9 66.4 45.5 1.41 16.6 1/4" - 1/8" 15.2 75.0 8. 0 74.4 46. 0 1.42 16.9 1/8" - 1/4" 10.0 85. 0 11.9 86.3 45.3 1 40 19.8 No. 48 - 1/8" 11.0 96. 0 10.1 96.4 - f 21.8 O " - Wo. 48 4. 0 100.0 3.6 100.0 P5 * 8 24.6 Mine run .... 100.0 .... 100.0 56.0 ..'„,- . 16.0 O n - 4 " •... 96.9 .... 95.8 - 55.0 ...., 15.4 1/8" - 4 " .... 81.9 •.•• 82.1 52.8 .... - 15.9 3/4" - 4" .... 42.6 ••••• 51.3 48.3 .... - 14.4 O " : 3/11." .... 54.3 .... 44.5 54.5 .... 18*7 O " - li" .... 77.1 .... 70.2 56-0 .... 11 .1 221_1_1/...8" -.-- 15.0 .... 13,7 53-8 1.40 21.5 • . As mined . - AS received . . Average size of run-of-mine coal ln. -71737- ' 17-0-7 . Size stability ciuriqL_h_and.lin_g_from min.p .. Ottaq *In this and subsequent tables, a11:screon;71/8' and larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperature of 0.295 mm. ' 3 " - 4 2 " - 3 't - 2 1 " - « 1/2"'- 3/4" 0 " - 1/2" Average size in. Size,stability % TWEEDIE MINES TABLE II. Size Stability Screen sizes Screen analyses before and after drop -shatter test STE-gIe sizes . Med slzes 5-TricH 75-7-n-Then - If inch D - 4 inch Ber-ore M"E-é- E.- Before Mer BU7-6-FF-Kfter Arter BerT5Fé-727,-e-r -MUer test 2 drops test 2 drops test 2 drops 4 drops test .2 drops 4 drops _% 5 100.0 35.6 6.6 6.5 4.6 2.9 2.5 100.0 43.5 22.8 22.3 10.2 8.7 9.8 9- 2 25.5 10.4 17.6 15.2 15.4 7.7 7.5 12.0 10.9 29,8 26.3 24.6 20.1 19.6 - - .- 5.0 - 5.4 23.7 20.0 20.4 12.5 1 1 .7 5 , 5 5.9 11.3 11.7 14.5 14.2 8.5 9.0 9.5 14.6 31.9 35.3 2.50 1.78 3.50 2.24 1.68 1.38 1.25 1.00 0.96 71 64 82 74 96 2.5 7.3 6.3 18.7 11.7 15.0 38.3 0.91 91 TABLE III. Grindability*. Screen size of Hardgrove'index coal tested Old ' ...■■•■■•••••■••+■ ■••■•■•■•■■••■■■•■••••■••••■■■•••••••■■ 0" - 4 " 73 O" - 3/4" 76 0" - 118" 80 *See Appendix 1940 2040 2080 140 100 40 1925 2000 2020 95 75 20 1950 2040 2070 120 90 30 1970 2060 2090 120 90 30 1950 2040 2070 120 90 30 1970 2085 2120 150 115 35 1960 2070 2100 140 110 30 1970 2040 2070 100 70 30 2000 2060 2070 70 60 10 2010 2070 2100 90 60 30 2015 2O35 - 2070 55 40 15 1955 2030 2075 120 95 25 2010 2050 2070 60 45 15 1900 2030 2050 150 130 20 2000 2080 2070 70 50 20 1950 2040 2060 110 90 20 1960 2075 2110 150 115 35 Plus 4 " 1.3 13.2 2 " - 4 " 1.3 14.2 - 2 " 1.2 13.4 1 n - 1-i" 1.2 13.7 3/4" - 1 " 1.2 14.0 1/2" - 3/4" 1.2 16.6 1/4" - 1/2" 1.3 16.9 1/8" - 1/4" 1.4 19.8 No.48"- 1/8" 1.3 21.8 O " - No. 48 2.5 24.6 Mine Fiiii-------------176--- 1b.0 31.7 _ o tt _ 4 ,, 1.4 15.4 - It I t 32.6 54.2 7.9 31.5 54.3 8.0 .... 32.6 54.0 7.5 .... 32.5 53.8 7.9 .... 32.5 53.5 8.5 .... 31.7 51.7 9.0 .... 31.5 51.6 9.4 .... 30.5 49.7 10.8 .... 29.2 49.0 11.2 .... 29.3 46.1 12.0 .... 3177 -52.3 8.6 12,470 31.8 52.8 8.1 12,690 31.6 52.5 8.5 12,630 32.3 53.3 7.9 12,850 30.6 50.7 9.8 11,890 31.5 51.4 9.0 12,350 29.8 48.7 11.0 12,370 1.3 15.9 1.2 14.4 1.6 18.7 1.7 17.1 2.1 21.5 1/8" - 4 3/4" - 4 O - 3/4" O " - lin o " Oxygen 1.9 Ash 15 .4 TWEEDIE MINES TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Screen sizes Fluid Melt- tempe- ing rature range Mois- Dry basis Initial Soften- ture Ah Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform ing tem- (as tile carbon phur rific ation perature reed) matter value - -g_ % % % % Btu/lb. °F. °F. Soften--F17i ing in- inter- terval val o r. ° F. °F. TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Sample Carton Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen 0" - 4" 69.3 4.5 8.1 0.8 VI) TWEEDIE MINES TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Total Sulpha Screen sul hur sulphur sizes of of rur ,c,11 coal sulphur O " - 4 H 7.98 0.25 3.1 1/8" - 4 " 8.43 0.22 2 6 O " - 1i" 8.85 0.31 3.5 O " - 1/8" 10.78 0.73 68.9 Pyritic sulphur coal sulphur 5.78 72.4 6.00 71.2 6.38 72.1 7.43 68.9 Organic sulphur % of % of coal sulphur 2 4.5 26.2 24.4 24c1 Fusain pure coal 3.59 4.24 5.97 1.95 2.21 2.16 2.62 TABLE VII Chemicl Analyses of Ash / Screen sizes 31 02 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 TiO2 1' .20q 301 Total " - 4 H 24.4 8.0 61.1 2.4 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.5 104).0 / Analysis Made in chemical laboratory Division of Metallic Minerals, under the dl ,,ectidh of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. ••••••■■•■■ TWEEDIE MINES TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le Slack - Ash and Sulphur Specific Cumulative +.10 6pecific gravity _eravity Weight Ash Sul - 3Trik-s- distribution Minkg-PUU'EU phur - Térer nn7UUI5hur Wéigfir-AbliSœiiIpriur- Gravity Calculated _g_ % % __g_. ordinate 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.35 69.6 11.0 5.3 219 11.0 5.3 2.9 100.0 1 .4 8.7 1.40 65.9 39.0 8.0 5.5 50.0 7.4 5.0 89.0 16.7 9.4 1.45 54.3 21.1 13.6 9.6 71.1 9.2 6.4 50.0 23.k12.5 1.55 25.2 13.8 19.3 9.8 84.9, 10.9 6.9 28.9 30.6 14.6 1.65 11.0 15.1 41.0 18.9 100.0 15.4 8.7 15.1 '4i.018.9 1.75 4.6 Curve No: 4 221,2,4 1 TABLE IX. :Chemica1.Analyeis and Fusibility of.. .Ash on , Float and Sink Portions 'of le Slack (Dry Bas1s) specifid Vola: Initial Soft- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow , Ash tile Fixed Coking Sul- deform- ‘ ening tempe- trig _ing ta- inter- .. , Sinks elbets matter carbon ,Properties phur .ation point ratur& range terval val - - e .oF. op. -F. - 0.F. _ 1.30 5.3 37.5 57.2 Good 3.0 1860 1950 2000 140 90 50 1.30 1.40 8.1 35.7 56.2 Good 5.6 1980 2040 2120 140 60 80 1.40 1.50 13.7 32.3 54.0 Good 9.8 1925 2010 2035 , 110 85 25 1.50 1.60 19.5 28.6 51.9 Pair , 9.8 2050 2085 2100 50 35 15 1.60 41.6 22.6 35.8 Poor 19.1 193_2_2_e_g__£2§2__2.5o_,u.u_u____ ........_............._---.__..._._......._._. ••■• •■•■ 10 20 30 z 40 50 c) 60 • —4 (1) 70 80 go --/--- / i i i \ , 4 , , - - _-- 90 80 70 ri 00 o rn 50 rn ' 40 (s) 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60Z ASH 3 6 9 12 /5 M3 1.9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 SPECIFIC G0 RAVITY 1.9 1-8 b7 b6 b5 1 •4 Figure 16 - Washability Curves for Tweedie Mine, Minto Goal Co., ' • Limited.. lû inch black. 21% SULPHUR Curve 1 - Cumulat Curve 2 - Actual Curve 3 -Cumulat Curve 4 - Specifi Curve 5 - .10 s ive coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). as] or sulphur percentage. ive slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). c gravity. necific gravity distribution. TWEEDIE MINES . TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal,Clean Goal and Refuse (0 - 1.i inch slack)___ Raw Clean coal Refuse •coal Floats 1.60 Sinks 1.60 Weight Proximate analysis (dry basis)T- Ash • % 17.1 . 11.5 Volatile matter ' %. 31.5 . ' 33.4 Fixed cârbon % 51.4 » 55.1 Sulphur % 9.0 6.6 Calorific value , -B t .0 /lb. 12.350 13,490 Fusain point of ash • ' • °F : 2040 2050 Melting'range of ash _ .°F • 110 " 140 • Coking properties .• Good Good . . . • Fusain in pure coal • . _1_4.24 • 3.48 6.56 19.20 0.17 • 0.62 4.38 16.34 2.00 2.24 TABLE XI. Screen and Chemical Analyses of .Sizes Prepared From le Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Sizes After Washing' at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Screen sizes 3/4"-1, " 1/8"-3 4" o fl-1/8" % 100.0 82.8 17.2 42.6 24.0 33 4 19.5 1950 120 Good briTphur forms -TrR.77---- Total Sulphur Pyritic Organic *A.R. - As received • ' •of- coal % 8 .85: :. of. coà1 % 0. .31 .of coal % 6.38 .0f. coal % 2.16. Weight Cumulative Ash Sui-.F.P.A. weight phur -_--g °F- 29.6 29.6 13.8 7.7 2 05 0 51.0 80 .6 17.7 9.7 2070 19.4 100.0 21.5 11.0 207 Floats Sinks Weight Ash SUIT -P7P."-A- . WUTDIE--ÂUE SiT. F:Prr. °F. .°F. 89.9 11.2 6.8 2015 10.1 46.8 14.7 2 080 85.7 11.1 6.9 2010 14.3 40.4 17.7 2060 12.022:5r___62:811.27.2202.0_31.1_322.21.1.1_2040 50.0 4.o 55.0 3.0 85.o 4.o 0.95 26.0 50.0 4.o 45.o 5.0 7o:*o 5.0 0.95 26.0 Steel grey, Irregular Triangular,fing- ery Fragile to tough Med. suit. steppy Large amt. 3i;ee1 grey, . Irregular Triangular fingery Hard 'i;() fra- gile • Med. amt. Steppy Med.. amt. Med. to small Small amt. None Great im- -!) -1- 1.ent in bo:1 physi- cal and chem- i5;a1 quali- lie of coke due to wash- ing TWEEDIE- MINES TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated by the 'Swelling Index' Test 14 inch slack AÎ-Fgaeivea77-_After m- ashTiTà T8Tatile Matter at 600C. (Dry basis) % 27.r- ----M,9 Swelling Inde, . 257 467 Section--Coke Classification Chart Border of VI & Border of V & • VIII VII 176.5 179.1 F-Orthobitu- F-Orthobitu- . minous minous 17.1 11.5 Specific Volatile Index , Section--Coal Classification Chart Ash per cent in›Coal (dry basis) Physical Properties of Coke: • . Size on wharf (% on 3" screen Breeze: %-1/2" Shatter test - (Index: % on 2" screen Breeze: %-1/2" , Abrasion test '(Index: % on 14" screen Dust: %-1/16" Dens -ity (App. Specific Gravity lbs. per cubic foot : Transverse shrinkage. - Appearance of natural surface Shape.. . Cross fracture Longitudinal fracture Sponge Pebbly.Seam REMARKS. • • • Good Good Med. to small . amt. None - Cell structure ...... -....... .... . Med. Irregular ; • . This coal . is un- satisfactorY for . the production: of • ' . by-product coke. Caking . Properties Caking index by • Graz's method Run-of-mine Sample 60 I SOUTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM ROTHWELL MINE, W. BENTON EVANS (ROTHWELL COAL CO.,LTD) ROTHWELL, NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Aualyses,Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity ••■■■■■••■■•••■■•■ •■••■■■••■■•11.1.•■■•■■...11.11■1■■••••■••■•■•• Apparent specific gravity 1.39 1.41 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.37 Ash 14.5 13.6 12.5 12.8 12.7 13.2 16.0 •16.7 23.2 29.3 13.9 •15.4 15.1 •12.7 16.8 •15.3 21.9 Screen sizes* Mine run 0"- 4 " .1/8" - 4 " 3/4" - 4 " 1 " - 3/4" o ,, - 11-" " V8 " Screen analyses As rUUUTVed As mine - e % ---e- -e- By Cumu- By Cumu- Weight lative Weight lative• 23.1 23.1 29.1 29.1 23.0 46.1 21.6 50.7 6.9 53.0 5.4 56.1 9.2 62.2 10.5 66.6 5.9 68.1 7.3 73.9 8.7 76.8 5.7 79.6 8.7 85.5 6.8 86.4 5.4 - 90.9 6.8 93.2 7.0 97.9 5.2 98.4 2.1 100.0 1.6 100.0 loq 100.0 . - 6. ) 70.9k 54.0 67.8 64.1 ' 52.0 45.0 44.8 44.8 31.9 26.1 53.0 47.0 43.9 55.3 9.1 6.8 52.3 Plus 4 " 2 " - 4 " li" - 2 " 1 - 3/4 " - 1 " 1/2 " - 3/4 " 1/4" - 1/2 " 1/8" - Nr%.48 "- 1/8 " ) " - No. 48 Bulk density --- lb.per Cu. ft. 45.0 44.0 44.0 44.3 44.3 ,44.8 45.3 44.5 52.3 As mined Asreei_ved Average size or run-of-mine coal in 2.78 2.48 - ;Mze stability durinE handling from mine to Ottawa. ..... ....A • 8Q _ ,... *In this and subsequeut tables, all screens 1/8" arld larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperature of 0.295 mm. 3 2 tr 3/4" 1/2" - k -3 - 2 - - 1 - 3/4" - 1/2" 100.0 à ff ROTHWELL MINE TABLE II. Size Stability Screen sizes Screen analyses before and after drop-shatt test -§iF,D7U-sizes - -RIkea-grzes 2 inch 5 - U- Inch -D 14 racr. Fdnre After Before After efore After After before After• After test 2 drops test 2 drops test 2 drops 4 drops test 2 drops 4 drops % % • ■••••••■■■••■■■■■ •■•■■•■■•■■■■■•■••■■■••■•■■•■■•••■•••4 100.0 40.2 21.1 12.1 10.1 4.5 4.5 7.5 Average size in. 2.50 1.96 3.50 2.36 Size stability.% 78 67 22.4 7.5 7.1 13.1 28.7 31.0 25.8 16.8 15.3 15.1 11.7 9.0 20.4 18.4 19.2 12.0 13.2 14.2 14.2 7.7 5.9 8.3 11.3 7.9 13.7 30.1 2.14 1.69 1.55 1.39 . 79' 72 92 61.3 11.5 11.0 4.2 4.5 7.5 1.96 78 3 .50 9.6 15.9 7.1 15.1 10.0 10.9 31.4 1.27 5.5 16.0 8.0 15.1 10.1 10.9 34.4 1.15 83 'TABLE III. Grindability* Screen size . of coal tested _ " 0" - 3/4" • *See Appendix Hardgr ove index . 01d 70 74 -76 ROTHWELL MINE TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Mois- Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow ture rgh -751a- FIYed -SUT -Urtio- deform- ing tem-tempe- ing it,g in- inter- Screen sizes (as tile carbon phur rific ation peu-7..0 rature range terval_ val recd.) matter value BtuLlb. °F. °F. ° F. °F. °F. Plus 4 " 2 " - 4 " - 2 " 1 - 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" -.1/4" - No.48 - 1/8" G " - No. 48 Mine run o _ 1/8" - " 3/4" - 4 0 " - 3/4" O " - le O " - 1/e__ 1.2 14.5 31.7 53.8 6.1 imo 1930 1960 80 50 3 0 1.1 13.6 32.2 54.2 6.4 1850 1930 2020 170 80 go 1.1 12.5 33.7 53.8 6.6 1850 1930 2020 170 80 90 1.1 12.8 33.8 53.4 6.9 1890 1960 2 060 170 70 loo 1. 0 12.7 33.5 53.8 6.8 , 1900 2030 2050 150 130 20 . 1.1 13.2 33/6 53.2 7.0 1920 ' 2050 ' 2100 180 130 1.1 16.0 32.8 51.2 7.7 ....• 1910 2040 2080 170 130 40 1.2 16.7 32.5 50.8 7,9 • 1910 2030 2070 160 120 40 1.4 23.2 30.2 46.6 9. 0 1920 2150 2310 390 230 160 1.9__29.3 27.3 43 11 . 0 1910 2100 2250 340 190 150 1.2 13.9 33.1 53.0 6.9 13,080 1900 2040 2-2-50 350 140 210 1.2 15.4 32_6 -51.9 7,2 12,775 1940 2040 2060 120 100 20 1.1 15.1 32.6 52.3 7,0 12,91 1970 2040 2070 100 70 10 1 .1 12.7 33.2 54.1 6.4 15,247-5 1860 1940 2020 160 80 h 1.3 16.8 32.4 50.8 8.0 12,27 0 1960 200 2090 130 90 40 1.3 15.3 32.7 52.0 7, 6 12, 70LD 1950 2040 2075 145 110 35 1.5__20.9 31.0 48.1 8.7 11,6rw 1900 2030 2100 200 150 70 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) ------ ---- Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur. Nitrogen ,Oxygen Ash - . ___1._ _.. . % ___L___ __.1 co - 4" 70 .2 4.6 7.2 0.8 1.6 12_1.4 RCTEWELL MINE TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Screen sizes Total Sulphate sulphur sulphur coal coal _sulphur Pyritic sulphur rôr- -%-"Fr coal sulphur Organic Fusain sulphur % of or pure coal sulphur coal O " - 4 " 7.15 0.19 2.7 4.90 68.5 2.06 28.8 3.76 1/8" - 4 " 6.96 0.15 2.1 4.55 65.6 2.24 32.3 3.39 O " - 1i" 7.54 0.22 2.9 5.06 67.1 2.26 30.0 4.64 O " - 1/8" 8.85 0.39 4.5 6.16 71.8 2.03 23.7 6:24 TABLE VII. • Chemical Analyses of Ash / Na20 K20 ' TiO2 P205 S05‘ Total Screen sizes 3102 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO 0 " - 4 " 27.6 5.4 57.2 4.0 0.3 /Analysis made in chemical laboratory, Division direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. 0.0 0.9 0.6 0.9 3./ 100.6 of Metallic Minerals, Lnd9r the Specific gravity Sinks Floats Weight 3 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 Curve N ROTHWELL MINE TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on i3- " Slack - Ash and Sulphur - __- Cumulative +.10 specific gravity Ash Sul- Mitts -----gTuku-- distribution "g phur eigEt AsE-Su1phur ight AshiTipUFa.71r5-7---MUUTilfUa % . ordinate • -I - % 1.30 12.8 3.9 3.1 12.8 3.9 3.1 1.30 1.40 47.8 8.5 5.2 60.6 1.40 1.50 21.4 14.4 7.8 82.0 9.4 5.6 1.50 1.60 4.3 21.5 8.3 86.3 10.0 5.7 1.60 13.7 49.7 15.6 100.0 15.4 7.0 100.0 15.4 7.0 87.2 17.1 7.6 39.4 27.6 10.6 18.0 43.0 13.9 13.7 49.7 15.6 1.35 81.2 1.40 74.7 1.45 55.6 1.55 14.4 1.65 5.4 1.75 ' 3.2 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash on Float and Sink Portidns of le Slack (Dry Basis) Specific Vola- gravity Ash . tile Fixed Coking Sul- Sinks Floats' matter carbon properties phur __ ig Initial Soft- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow deform- ening'tempe- ing ing in- inter- ation point rature range terval val °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. Good' Good Good Fair Poor 1.30 4.0 38.7 57.3 1.30 1.40 8.6 35.9 55.5 1.40 1.50 14.9 31.8 53.3 1.50 1.60 21.7 26.7 51.5 1.60 50.5 20.6 28.9 3.1 1940 2100 2300 360 160 200 5.3 2070 2180 2360 290 110 180 7.9 1930 2170 2350 420 240 180 8.4 1930 2160 2300 370 230 140 15.8 1830 1930 2160 330 100 230 coal Floats 1.60 91.4. 100.0 FiOTHWELL MINE TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of ,Rav Coal,Clean Coal and Refuse slack _ . Raw Clean coal Refuse Sinks 1.60 Weight Proximate analysis .(dry basis )- • • i• • • •• • • • • • 4b, • • •.• • ee ee . •.• •% ,• •:•.Volatile matter %' • Fixec:tdarbon --'‘ %- 52.0 - ,-.Sulphur .• %, 7.6 - 'Calorific value 12,705' - Fusion'.point'iof ash ....... • 2040 Melting range of ash °F. 1457 - , • . Cokine_properties Fair --Sulphur_ Forms (A.R. )"._ Total ,.. -of -cioà.r, % .7.54 Sulphate ..........: of coal, , % 0.22 . Pyritic of coal % 5. 06 02 anis2. of coal Fusain In pure coal' 31A.R. As. received basis, 8.6 9.9 , 34:9 - 5512 , - 2020 13o2 J .,Good 3.26 _49 8 21.9 ) , 28.3 c17.2 -2020 ' '14o Non-caking 5.67 7 - .0.12. 0.54 3.46 14.46 2.09 1.96 . . T412 ; - Screen:and Chemical Analyses. of Sizes Prepared From. le Sleek, and.:Analyses ; ot the_ Clean Coal,and)Refuse'.of, These? •r Sizes After Washing': 'at a Se,leCted,' Gravity" -of .1'; 60 • - Screen Weight Cumulative Ash SuI- - F:P.A .. Floats . Sinks sizes- • - ._ ,Phur éig44 Ash-Sul- =A. . -Teére=s-E-S=-P. P . :% - °F. _g_ % . . , - • 3/4" -32 • - •32.1 , , 12:8 6.9 9312 101•6-61•0-2000:-:4 618 -;` :-42 .15 7-11.2 1930 - 1/8" ,73/101. 48.5 80.6 j- *: 15.1. 7.5- -2o4o--f 51.316;8'; 2020 . 100.0 20.9 8.7 2030 63.071''''' 819 5.4 2060 37 .0-• 2030 BLit 1111M111 111111111g111.111111 1111111111 11111 11011 111111.111à1111111111111112wà RR 1111.11111111UMMUMEM 1111111MINIEM UM- NINIUM111 MR 1 2 WIZ Milian 4 1 1111111111W 90 80 70 -11 pi 60 12 pi 50 ri 40 -j cn (.1) 30 20 /0 30 rTi z 40 ri 50 rn -t .41 60 (P 70 6 - 8 17 - /.6 /2 1.5 14% SULPHUR 10 20 1.9 1.8 30 40. E0 60% ASH 2 4 1.7 1.6 /.5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.9 1.8 Figure 17,- Wai.hability Curves for Rothwell Mine, W. Benton Evans: IA; inch slack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage-(flôat). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage.' Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± JO specific gravity distribution. 60. lerimm,- MINE TABLE XII. Physical Properties ofBy-Product Cokes As Indicated By the "Swelling Index" Test •• _ nrarri—matter at 600'C. e7g777 Swelling Index Section--Coke Classification Chart—. Specific Volatile Index Section--Coal Classification Chart Ash per cent in coal (dry) .. Ash per cent in coal (dry) .. Physical properties of coke-- Size oe. wharf(% on 3" screen... ...% Breeze:%-1/2" Shatter test (Index: % on 2" screen. Breeze: %-1/2" Abrasion test(Index: % on li"screen Dust: %-1/16" .. Density p.pp. specific gravity lbs. per cubic foot Transverse shrinkage Appearance of natural surface Shape • Strength Cross fracture • Longitudinal. fracture Cell structure Sponge Pebbly seam 1-2- Slack As received After Washing 28.1: .3i3 391 418 • VII V «- 175.2 175.6 Border of Para-and Orthobi- tuminous 15.3 • 9.9 50.0 45.0 5.0 3.5 55.0 50.0 3.0 5.0 80.0 80.0 5.0 4.0 0.95 0.90 26.0 26.0 • Good •Steel grey, irregualr Slightly triangualr; fingery Hard to fragile Fragile Small to med. Med. to large amt. steppy amt.,steppy Medium amté Large amt. Med. to small Med. to large Small amt. Medium amt. • None Remarks This •coal - can- not. be satis- factorily-used alone in pre- • • aring a good ».quality of by- product coke. Washing re- sults in no marked improve- ment in the physical quali- ties of the coke, but should reduce tend- ency to tough- ness. ••••■••••••••••11.11M1111!•■••••■ Coking Properges - Caking index by • Gralls_method Run-of-mine sample 62 TABLE I. SOUTH MII■ITO AREA MAIN SEAM -AVON, MINES (SHAFTS 26'&28); AVON COAL CO. LTD. , ROTHWELL (near), NEW BRUNSWICK • Screen Analyses,Bulk D'ensity and Apparent Specific Gravity Ash Screen Sizes* Screen Analyses As received As mined By umu- By Cumu- Weight lative Weight lative 11.0 15.5 13.6 22.0 4.6 20.1 4.8 26.8 10.5 30.6 8.5 35.3 8.3 38.9 5.6 40.9 12.6 51:5 9.2 50.1 17.1 68.6 13.4 63.5 12.2 80.8 14.0 77.5 14.0 94.8 16,5 94.0 5.2 100.0 . 6.0 100.0 k95:5 1 91.6 76,3 69.1 34.4 32.5 61.1 . 59.1 79.9 73.2 19.2 22.5 Plus 4" 4.5 4.5 8. 8.4 44.5 .... 2" - 4" 11.0 15.5 13.6 22.0 44.8 1.40 " .... 2" - 4.6 20.1 ,4.8 26.8 . 44.3 1.38 . ,. .. 1 - 1.à. 10.5 30.6 . 8.5 35.3 44.8. • 1.40 . ..... 3/4"- 1" 8.3 38:9 5.6 40.9 . 44.3 1.39 ,... 1/2"-3/4" 12.6 51:5 • .9.2 • 50.1 44.3 • 1.40 ,..... 1/4"-1/2" 17.1 68.6 13.4 63.5•44:;D ' 1.40 ... 1/8"-1/4" 12.2 80.8 ' 14.0 77.5 44. 0 I.40 0" - No. 48 5.2 100:0 . 6:0 100.0. 52.5 1.41 No. 48 - 1/8" 14.0 94.8 16;5 9.4.0 . Mine run . 100;0 ' 100.0 60.5 . o" - 4" k95:5 ' 1 91.6 60: 0 ' 1/8"- 4" 76,3 - 69.1 -51.8' 3/4"- 4" 34.4 32.5 48.8 o" -3/4" 61.1 . 59.1 55. 0 0" - le 79.9 • 73.a » 58.0 Bulk Apparant density Specific cu.ft. % 15.5 14.7 14.6 15.9 14.9 15.7 15.9 17.4 18.9 23.6 17.1 17.3 16.8 15.1 17.7 n in *52.5 1.41, 20.4 As mined As received • Average size of ruu-of-mioe coal In ce 777,ÏY- 1.(g------ Size stability during hanUing from mine GO OLt: a)./- _e 31 * In this and subsequent tabl:Fs, all screens 1„/Sir and larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. • • • • 1" Ir AVON MINES (SHAFTS 26&28) TABLE II. Size . Stability •••••••••■••■■•••■ Screen-Analyses before and after drop-shatter test : Mixed size ---- Screen - 2- 3 inch - --374-=-g-itia b= -inch sizes Before After Binre---Àruer--77--à-rt-e EUPSFU TrEUr After - test 2 drops . test • drops 4 drOps test 2 drops 4 drops ---------- _%- 3" - 4" 2" 31? - 2" 1" - 3/4" - 1" 1/2" - 3/4" 0" - 1/2" 10.5 7.9 5.0 3.8 2.1 1.3 100.0 48.5. 21.5 17.9 15.8 7.7 7.9 7.9 17.0 13.4 12.1 12.9 4.8 4.6 4.2 12.0 30.5 17.5 13.3 11.0 11.3 10.4 5.5 24.1 21.2 21.2 8.7 7.9 7.9 6.0 10.4 12.1 13.2 11.7 11.3 10.7 13.0 19.7 50.8 54.5 57.0 Average size..in. 2.50 1.78 1.73 1.44 1.27 0.81 0.74 0.69 Size stability..% 71 83 73 91 85 TABLE III. Grindability* Screen size of Hardgrove index 'coal tested Old 0" - 4" 77 0" -3/4" 72 0" -1/8" 82 47IFFIF-A-175FEari M-Ine 1.2 0" - 4": 1.1 1/8" - 4" 1.0 4" . LO - -3/4" 1.6 0" - 1.4 o" -1/8" 1.5 0" oF. °F. ° F. Sample 0" - 4" Carbon 67.8 AVON MINES (SHAFTS 26&28) TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Mois- _ ture Screen sizes (as reed) XL Plus 4" 1.0 2 " - 4" 1.0 - 2" 1.0 " - 14" 0 .9 3/4" - -. 1/2" -3/4" 1.0 1/4" -1/2" 1.1 1/8" r1/4" 1.! No. 48 -1/8" 1.0 0" -No. 48 1.9 Initial Soften- PTUid Melt- Soften- Plow Calo- deform- ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- rific ation perature rature range terval val value Btu/lb / ° F. 15.5 32. 0 52.5 7.9 1915 2020 2050 135 105 30 14.7 32.2 53.1 6.8 1915 198o 2010 95 65 3 0 14.6 31.5 53 .9 6.9 - 1920 2000 2020 100 80 20 15.9 31.1 53.0 7.2 1920 2010 2050 130 90 40 14.9_ 32.1 53.0 6.8 19 00 1990 2015 115 90 25 15.7 '31.5 52.8 7.3 1900 1990 2020 120 90 30 . 15.9 31.3 52.8 7.6 1900 1990 2025 125 90 35 1.7.4 31.6 51.0 8.4 1910 2000 2040 130 90 40 18.9 30.6 50.5 8,9 1920 2G20 2050 13Ô' '100 30 23.6 29.4 47.0 10.1 1910 • ,2010 2070 e 163 . 100 60 117.). 3i.7 51.2 . 8.o 12,4b0 1910 2020 2070 160 - 110 17.; 31.(., 51.7 • 7.8 ,12,570 1920 2000 • 2050 130 8o 5o 16.8 31.4 51.8 7.7 12,560 1970 2L50 100 8o 20 15.3 32.1 52.6 7.7 12,700 1910 2000 2030 120 90 30 18.8 30.8 50.4 8.8 12,025 1960 • 2040 2070 110 80 30 17.7 31,2 51.1 8.1 12,285 1920 2010 2050 130 90 40 20.4 30.1 49.5 .9.2 11,655 1915 • 2020 2060 1 )l. . 40 ■••■•■••••■•••■• Ash Vola- Fixed Sui- tile carbon phUr matter L et6 ° F. 2020 1980 2000 ..2010 1990 1990 1990 200G-- TABLE V. - Ultimate Analyses (dry Basis Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen 1 % •• 4.5 7.8 . 0 .8 1.8 17.3 AVON MINES (SHAFTS 26dt28 ) . . TABLE VI. Suleur_Egms'aind Fusain bnlphate - -sulphur %-311- % coal.' sUphur Total Screen sulphur sizes % of ' . Coal o " - 4 " 7.73 0.27 3.4 5.50 71.2 1/8" - 4 " 7.61 0.18 2.4 5.47 71.9 0 " 8.02 0.29 3.6 5.41 67.5 0 " - 18" 9.06 0.55 6.1 6.50 71.7 Organic Fusain sulphur % of rur . or-- pure . coal Rulphur cbal. 1.96 25;4 1.96 25.7 3.42 2.32 28.9 4.28 2.01 22.2 6.26 Pyritic . sulphur % of % coal sulphur MOM TABLE VII. Chemical Ahalyses of Ash . / .i'oreon sizes 5i02 Al203 F0203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 TiO2 P205 .2.22 Total " - 4 " 30.1 20.3 1l1.0.3.3 0.,0 0.5 1.0. 0.8 i 1.5 • 99.8 /Analysis made in chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerals, wear the direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. 11.8 3.7 2.6 11.8 3.7 2.6 - 28.k ,7.4 40.2 6:3 4.2 28.5 14;9. 6.2 68.7 .9.9 5.0 -11.3 20.7-. 8.1 80.0 11.4 5.5 20.0 - 47.6 15.8 100.0 18.6 7.5L 100.0 18.6 7.5 - 88:2 20.6 8.2 -.59.8 26.9. 9.8 • •31:3 37;9 :2 0 . 0 47.6 15.8 64.7 64.3 57;6 7! 28:3: 55 . 2 • '2 , 1 .... 3 . C -H 1.35 1.40 1: 45 155 1.. 65 1.75 Specific' •-" 1Vo1&T - gravity Ash, tile - Fixed Sinks Floats, d ,matter carbmn ' 1.30-1.7.-37.37-59.0 1.30 . 1.40 7.5 . 34.9 57.6 1.40 1.50 15:0 . .31.1 1.50 1.60 20:9 52;1. Coking propérties phur Good 2.6, , 'Good sr .5.0 ' - 06qc1;.; _Poor ,re '!.(10 .. . .• AVON MINES (SHAFTS 26&28) TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le Slack - Ash and'Sulphur • Cumulative Wéight , Ash Sul- _ Floats - . • Sinks ----- 7 . distribut i on , _ l' Floats ' . phur Weight Ash Sulphur Weight Ash Sulphur Gra‘-rity, - . Calculated ____ .....-L.- -ordinaté Specific gravity Sinks' Floats _ +.10, specific gravity 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.401:50 1.50-1.66 1.60' , _ Curve No, 4 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis , and Fusilility of Ash On" . Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (Dry Basis) . ... . IùittaI SOft.: , Flow deform-:. ening tempe,- *. ing-:.:!‘ing in- inter étion.: point rature:rangez ferval val . ° F. °F. ' °F. °F.. °F. 2000 100:ifT.0 c2020 2065, 145:, 1920 1960 1990 70T 40 7 .1910: 1950 :..1980 125- • • - 30 _ •= 30 -; • -30 R! i I , , - If 4 .r. , . . „..,...,-- ..- ..., am, At,111 marM 1 2 Igek la. 4 MIC3 '1111/AMIMIL • • i t 20 30 le 1-7 40 50 60% ASH 2 16 1-5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.9 4 6 1.8 1.7 10 1.9 /1%SULPHUR /0 1 •5 a 16 (float). (sink). 10 20 _0 -30 - rn 2 40 so .4 60 (t) 70 80 90 90 80 70 -c rr. 60 z rn 50 rn -40 30 20 10 Figure 18 - Washability Curves for Avon Mines, Nos. 26 and 28, Avon Coal Company, Limited, 1 inch slack. Curve Curve Curve Curve' Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage 2 - Àctual ash or sulphur percentage. 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage 4 - Specific gravitY. 5 . - t •an specific gravity distribution. _ • AVON-MINES (SHAF23 26&28) TABLE :16 Chemical:Analyseà and Fusain of Ray Coal',Clean Coal-and Refuse *(0 .-1 -1 inch 'clack, Raw Clean coal Refuse coal Floats 1.60 Sinks 1.60 100.0 74.6 25.4 % 17.7 11.2 48.1 31.2 • 33.5 22.1 Yb 51.1' 55.3 29.8 % - 8.1 5-9 18.8 /lb. 12,285 13,420 2010 2050 .... 2100 .?F. ' 130 140 130 ' • ' .,... , Good • Good Poor ....1__ . 4.2$ 3.52 6.76 8.02 . . 5.87 «: 18.56 0.29 0.17 ' ■ 0.60 5.41 3.73 15.29 2.32 1.97 2.67 *As received basis TABLE XI. Screen and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From le Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Size After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Weight - Proximate analys1s."s71(dry basis)-- Ash Volatile matter Fixed carbod Sulphur Calorific value Fusion point of - ash Mélting range.of ash Coking properties Fusain in purecoal Thur Forrns (A. R. Total • of coal . % Sulphate of coal % Pyritic of.coal % Organic _ of coal • B.t.0 Screen Weight Cumulative Ash Sul- F.P.A. sizes Weight phur WU . % % % °F. Floats Sinks eIgHt Ash 317u -PtieTT. We1gEf-AUH-UUT: P.T.17 °F. 87.6. 12.0 5.9 2020 12.4 46.3 13.4 2060 77.6 10.7 6.2 2030 22.4 ' 47016.5 2025 0% 67.4 10.1 6.0 2020 32.6 42.1 15.4 2035 :1 3/4" - 1f"23.5 23.5 15.5 7.1 2000 1/8" -3/4" 52.4 75.9 16.2 7.7 199 0 0" -1/8" 24.1 100.0 20.4 9.2 2020 % % °F. Ash .-per .cent in coal (dry basis) % Physical Properties - of Coke.. Size on wharf i% on 3" screen Breeze: %-l/2 Shatter test (Index: % on 2" 'Breexe: %,-1/2 Abrasion test (Index .: % On ‘Dust: %-1/16" Density • (App. Specific . gravity (lbs. per•cubic ft. Transverse shrinkage !•Appearance of natural surface Shape 27.3 29.1 403 515 VII V near VII 176.6 173.9 Border of E & F Ortho to Para-. bituminous 11.2 5.0 65.0 3.0 85.0 3.5 17.7 6o.o 50.0 4.o 55.0 3.0 85.0 3.0 67. AVON MINES (SHAFTS 26&28) TABLE XII. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BY-PRODUCT COKE INDICATED BY THE 'SWELLING INDEX' TEST ■■•■•• WOur inch slack • - As received -7.efg,F7EWEIiiii7 Volatile matter at 600 °C. (dry) % Swelling index Section--Coke Classification chart Specific volatile index Section--Coal classification chart 0.95 . 0.95 26.0 26.0 • Good Good Steel grey, irre- Steel grey irr- gular gular Blocky Blocky,slightly triangular Hard to fragile Hard to fragile , . Small to med. Med. amt. amt. slightly steppy steppy Med. to small amt. Med. amt. Med. to encl.]. • Medium Small amount. Small to -med amt. None Strength Cross fracture • • Longitudinal fracture' Cell:structure Sponge Pebbly sealjà None REMARKS feeemmr ene.m. Physical this coal Washing improves should produce a the chemical - fair by-produot qualities only. coke. Caking Properties Caking index by _Grax's method Run-of-mine sample 54 SOUTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM AVON MINE (WINTERPORT), AVON-COAL CO.,LTD.+ Near Rothwell,New Brunsvick TABLE I. SCREEN ANALYSES, BULK DENSITY AND APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY Screen Analyses Bulk Apparent As received density Screen sizes* % % --- Specific By Cumu- lb. per Weight. lative cu. ft. gravity e Plus 4" 12.4 12.4 45 1 J ,1 15.2 2" - 4" 25.3 37.7 45.3 1.41 ''' 15.0 - 2" 7.8 45.5 44.8 1.41 13.0 1" - li" ' 11.5 57.0 45.8 1.43 14.0 3/4" - 1" 8.1 65.1 44.5 1.41 15.1 1/2" - 3/4" 8.7 73.8 44.8 1.42 14.8 1/4" - 1/2" 4.3 78.1 45.0 1.40 14.9 ' 1/8" - , 1/4" ' 8.2 86.3 46.0 1.42 % 155 No. 48 - 1/8" 10.9 97.2 19.8 0" - No. 48 " 2 . 8 :100.0 - i50.0 1.36 . _ -i - 15 .3 Mine run 100.0 15.7- 0" - '4" 87.6 56.5 16.3 1/8" - 4" , 73.9 ' 54.0 15.9 - 4" 52.7 49.0 16-.0 0" - 3/4" 34.9 53.5 . 18. 2 0" - 1" 54.5 57.5 17.8 0" - 1/8" - - 13.7 50.0 1.36 20.4 • Ael received Average size of run-of-emb.coal in. 1.94 -.‘À- In this and subsequent tablUi7=77aleens 1/8" and larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 is Tyler 4d-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. + This ,sample:, collected in 1936, by :the.operator. Ash AVON MINE (W1NTERP0RT) TABLE II. *SIZE STABILITY Screen-analysesbefore and - after drop-shatter test _ _ Single sizes _ Mixed sizes _ _ _ Screen 2 - 3 inch 3 - 4 inch sizes ' . Before After Before After Before After Aftar test 2 drops test 2 drops test 2 drops. 4 drol)s 3" - 4" 100.0 28.5 15.0 6:0 4.5 2" - 3" 100.0 52.5 27.3 33.0 27.5 21.0 - 2" 17.3 11.0 14.8 13.5 14.0 1" - li" 12.2 12.7 21.8 20.0 19.0 3/4" - 1" •' 5.0 5.5 15.4 13.0 13.5 1/2" - 3/4" 4.5 5.7 9.5 11.0 o" - 1/2" 8.5 9.3 10.5 17.0 Average size..in. 2.50 1.86 3.50 2.14 2.02 1.58 1.39 Size stability-% 74 61 78 " 69 Table III. Grindability+ Screen size of Hardgrpve Index coal tested Old 0" - 4" 75 0" -3/4" 87 o n _ len 95 +See Appendix AVON MINE (WINTERPORT) TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash initIn-Uorfen- ITIuiU- Melt- Soften- Ter6i.e deform- ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- ation perature rature range terval val Prois- --I---157EI-------- ture MI7==-5ixer, LI- Calo- Screen sizes (as , tile carbon phur rific recid) matter .• value % MuLlb ° F. ° F. °F. °F. °F. ° F. 1.0 15.2 32.3 52.5 7.5 1930 2000 2025 95 70 25 1.1 15. 0 32.7 52.3 7.3 1920 1975 2020 100 55 e 1.0 13. 0 33.5 53.5 6.7 1920 1970 1.0 14.0 33.9 52.1 7. 0 1910 1960 0.9 15 1 33.2 51.7 7.4 1920 2000 1.3 14.8 33.3 51.9 7.7 1960 2020 1.2 14.9 33.2 51.9 7.7 1960 2020 1. 4 15.5 32.9 51.6 8.o 1975 2035 1.3 19.8 30.6 49.6 8.7 1920 2000 Plus 4 if 2 n - 4 " - 2 1 - lin 3/4 n - 1 1/2 n - 3/4 n 1/4" - 1/2n 1/8n - V4" No. 48" -1/8 " O" - No. 48 .Mfne run O" - 4 " 1/8" - 4 " 3/4" - 4 " o " 3/4" O " - " o " - 1/8" 2030 110 50 6o 1990 80 50 30 2020 100 .80 20 2040 80 60 20 2040 80 6 0 20 2050 75 60 15 •010 .90 80 10 1.9 26.3 27.1 46.6 11.3 1890 1990 2000 110 100 10 173 15.7 3r.-5 ---517s--77B--n7sn---Ign- 2000 2020----pp- 70 ---/Ju 1.3 15.3 32.5 51.2 7.6 '12,580 1920 1980 2000 80 60 20 1.3 15.9 32.3 51.8 7.7 12,590 1935 1970 1990 55 35 20 1.1 16.0 32.2 51.8 7.5 12,435 1920 1970 1990 70 5 0 20 1.3 18.2 32.3 49.5 8.3 12,000 1955 2015 2030 75 60 15 1.3 17.8 32.1 50.1 8.1 12,155 1950 2000 2025 75 50 25 1.8 20.4 31.4 48.2 9.0 11,570 1885 1990 2010 12 105 20 ..._- TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Caleon . 1/8" - 4 " 68.9 o" - 1/8" 64.2 Hydrigen 4.7 4.2 Sulphur 7.6 9.0 Nitrogen 0.8 0.7 Oxygen Ash 2.1 15.9 1.5 20.4 Sample o AVON MINE (WINTERPORT) TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Total sulphur of coal 0" - 4" 7.54 1/8"- 4" 7.59 3/4"- 4" 7.37 0" -3/4" 8.22 0" - 7.96 0" -1/8" 8.83 Sulphate sulphur % of sulphur 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.41 0.37 0.60 Pyritic sulphur % of % of coal sulphur 5.00 66.3 5.29 69.7 495 67.1 5.71 69.4 5.37 67.4 6.53 74.0 organic , Fusain sulphur "3 of of %. -of pure coal sulphur ccal • 30.0 4./0 27.0 4.18 30.0 3.45 25.6 3.47 27.9 3.52 19.2 2 Screen aizes coal 3.7 3.3 2.9 5.0 4.7 6.8 2.26 2.05 2.21 2.10 2.22 1.70 TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / -.creen sizes Si02 Al203 Fe203 Ca0 Mg° 4" % 27.6 10.3 D" - 1/8" % 25.4 9.7 / Analysis made in chemical labora of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. - Na20 E20 TiO2 P2S. p03 Total 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.1 100.1 0.6 1.0 0.7 0,4 4.6 99,8 inerais àe direction 54.0 3.3 0.4 52.9 4.1 0.4 ory, Division of Meta AVON MINE (WINTERPORT) TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le : Slack - Ash and Sulphur Specific Cumulative +.10 specific gravity gravity Weight Ash Sul- -------Prcias SinkU distribution Sinks Floats phur VégHt---KiE-UUTI5Eir çieight---A-UH-ginfiEUF UFavif7---UâTEUTU.Féd - J--- --g.- _.%__. ordinate 1.35 75.0 1.30 7.1 4.4 2.6 7.1 4.4 2.6 100.0 17.9 8.1 1.40 74.8 1.30 1.40 41.5 8.1 5.0 48.6 7.6 4.7 92.9 18.9 8.5 1.45 55.1 1.40 1.50 24.3 13.9 7.2 72.9 9.7 5.5 51.4 27.6 11.3 1.55 16.8 1.50 1.60 6.5 19.5 9.3 79.4 10.5 5.8 27.1 39.9 14.9 1.65 7.4 1.60 20.6 46.3 16.7 100.0 17.9 8.1 2 0.6 46.3 16.7 1.75 ' 4.8 Curve No. 4 2 2 1 2,4 1 1 3 3 5 5 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash on Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (Dry Basis) Specific Vola- Initial Soft- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow _gravity__ Ash tile Fixed Coking Sul- deform- ening tempe- ing ing in- inter- Sinks -Ploats matter ca-bon properties phur ation point rature range terval val ____ % L, rb % ° F. °F. ° F. °F. °F. °F. 1.30 4.5 37.6 57.9 Good 2.6 1865 1940 2075 210 75 135 1.30 1.0 • 8.1 36.2 55.7 Good 5.0 1880 1980 2010 130 100 30 1.40 1.50 14.0 32.4 53.6 Good 7.2 1905 2000 2040 135 95 40 1.50 1.6 0 19.8 28.5 51.7 Fair 9.3 1900 2025 2050 150 125 25 1.60 46.8 21.6 31.6 Poor 16.7 1925 2010 2035 110 85 25 3 -52 Screen sizes AVON MINE (WINTERPORT) TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain. 'Raw Coal, Clean Coal and Refuse Clean coal Refuse Floats .1.60 Sinks 1.60 19.5 Raw c oal c oal WeIght Proximate analysis( dry basis)-- -.Ash -Volatile matter. • 'Fixed carbon _Sulphur Calorific value ..... . .. ..B.t.u./lb. - Fusion point .of ash • ° F. 'Melting range of ash °F. Coking lproperties ........ . - Fusain in pure; coal : Sulphur Forms. (A:ii-.74 Total sulphur . of coal % Sulphate sulphur of coal % Pyritic sulphur . .....„. .. .... •Qt coal %, Orgianic .,iiilDhur'. :- _ ' of 'coal % 100.0 ,.% 17.8, % 32 -.1 % 50.1 %• 8.1. 12,155 - 2000 75' 'Good- 48.1 21.9 30.0 : 13.5 13,385 6,695 1965 . 1990 • 125 Good Poor 3.44 9.2 11.1 34.9 53.9 8.07 6.36 13.35 0.38 0.17 0.53 10 . 92 r ' 2.25 2.26 1.90 , - t. '.- • ;"- TAkAL, X- I. • Scretfen -and Chemical Analyses of .Sizes:Preparèd FroM• Slack, and Ara1yses of -the Clean.,Coal and Refuse of These .; Sizes After Washing at:a Selected Gravity ot1.60 • Sink= F=P7A.--; - - weight phur . sqp7p1 r7x, • %• - - 3/n - le': 36 0 36.0 '• 14.5 7.2 1980- f:,490. 6 11.7 6.2 1970 1/ "--...3/e--38.9- - 1/8" 25.1 100.0 . *A.R. - As Received - Basis - 1,7iref ." Ash .Sur.-717= 16.2_ 2 )10 •-45.8 15.3 22000 -4 .. 45.3 15.4 1.990 .,‘2J -15.1 7.8 - 2020 - 84.2 - 10:7 6:5203O 158 20.11 9.0 1990 - 71.1- 11.2 6.6 2025 28.9 11111111111■111111111111111 11111111111,1 urn .1 W111151114 I • 1111111111111111111.11E11111 111•1111111 Ma MI 1011111:0111 sw. cm. lop 14% SULPHUR 1.4 /0 1.5 /0 20 ao o -0 z --4 rn so 4, 60 0 (I) 70 80 90 90 80 70 so --{ rn 50 ri 40 30 20 /0 10 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 • 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.9 4 6 8 1.8 .1.7 1.6 Figure 19 - Washability Curves for Winterport Mine, Avon Coal Company, Limited. 1 inch slack. Curve 1 - CCumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 Actual ash or sulphur percentage. . Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution. SOUTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM WELTON NO.9 MINE, HARVEY WELTON LTD; MINTO (SOUTHEAST OF);NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Analyses,Bulk Deasity and Apparent Specific Gravity .....«•••■••■■••■••• Screen analysis Bulk ApparerCG -.As recerfga As minèd density Screen sizes * -.T ---elo- --- _ specific By Cumu- By - "Cumu- 11D. por , weightlative -.weight lative • c ,..0 ft. gravity : Plus 4 " 4.1 4.1 5 - , - .5 5.5 ...... - 1.42 I.3" 2 " - 4 " 11.6 15.7 13.4 18.9 45.5 1.44 1.,4 11" - 2 " 6.4 22.1 5.2 24.1 45.3 1 42 15.3 1 " - le 9.9 32.0 . 11.2 )5.3 45.3 1.42 17.0 . 3/4" - ' 1 ' . 8.4 40.4 • 8,4 43.7 44.5 ' 1.43 - 15.8 - 3/4 " 11.1 51.5 12.9 56.6 44.5 1.44 , 17.1 1/4" - 1/2 " 15.1 66.6 _ 18.5 75.1 45.0 1.44 17.2 1/8" - 1/4 " 12.5 79.1 12.8 87.9 43.8 1.40 19.3 No. 48- 1/8 " . 15.6 94.7 9.0 96.9 ( . 21.1 . 0" - No. 48 5.3 10M 3.1 100.0 i52.0 . ( 1.37 25.1 • - Mine run 100.0----- 100.0 • 5870 0" - 4 " 95.9 94.5 59.0 • 18.5 ' 1/8" - 4 " 75.0 82.4 50.8 16.6 3/4" - 4 " 36.3 38.2 -7.0 16.6 0" - 3/4 " 59.6 56 3 51.5 18.8 0" - 1 -1- " 77.9 75 9 Y7.0 19.1 0" - 1/8 " 20.9 12.1 52.0 1.37 21.8 As mIEFa- As received . Average size of rein-of-mine coal in 1.14 1.01 Size stability_durIEE handling from mine co Ottawa cr, /0 88 *In this and subsequent tables, alI screens 1/8 and-Targer are rouna•noié screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture,of.0.295 mm. Ash - VMEMON NoL9vMINE TABLE II. Size Stability Screen analyses before and After drop-shatter test Screen sizes --2 - 3 inch Before After test 2 drops %_ Mixed sizas ,t 3 - 4 inch ' 3 - 11 inch . ,0 - 4 inCh Before After BefGre After After efore After i ifter test 2 drops test 2 drops, 4 drops test 2'drops 4 drops % % % % % ___%-- ----...--..- • % Sinee sizes 3" - 4" 3 11 le- 2" 1" -li" 3/4"-1" 1/2"-3/4" 0" -1/2" Average size..in. Size stability.4 100.0 42.5 10.5 5.8 100.0 57.5 20.5 21.5 15.8 13.5 7.5 17.6 13.8 9.5 11.0 2i.). 22.9 5.0 4.5 23.1 20.0 5.0 5.0 9.6 9.5 9.0 12.1 2.50 1.89 3.50 2.36 1.76 1.39 76 68 79 4.2 4 0 3.3 1.3 10.4 8.1 6.7 7.5 13.8 6.6 5.0 5.0 22.1 10.3 10.0 8.3 18'7 8.7 9.2 10.0 12.1 11.6 13.3 d 14.2 18.7 50.7 52.5 53.7 1.21 0.84 0.77 0.71 69 _92 84 TABLE III. Grindability* Screen size of coal tested 0" - 4" 0" -3/4" 0" -1/8" * See Appendix Hardgrove Index Old 69 73 83 WELTON No.9 MINE TABLE IV. - Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Asb Mois- Dry basis Initial Sofben- Fluid Melt- Seten- Plow ture Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform- ing tem- tempe- fng ing tn-inter- Screen sizes (as tile carbon phur rific ation perature rature mrqe torvnl val reed) matter value Btu/lb °?: F. °F. 4 '4 .-, °F. F. L‘ , Plus 4" 1.1 16.3 30.6 53.1 8.8 1860 1990 2010 150 , 130 20 2" - 4" . 1.1 15.4 31. 0 53.6 7.6 189c 1990 2010 120 100 20 re.- 2" 1.0 15.3 31.4 53.3 7.1 188£ 1940 2000 120 60 60 1' - le 1. 0 17. 0 31.3 51.7 8.4 Asp, 1980 2000 12( .100 20 3/4"- 1" 1. 0 15.8 31.8 52.4 7.7 1ggg 1990 2020 130 100 30 1:0 17.1 31.0 51.9 8.4 19_ 2000 2025 120 95 25 1. 0 17.2 31.6 51.2 8.3 1890 1980 2015 125 90 35 118"-1/4" 1.1 19.3 31. 0 49.7 8.2 1880 1960 1990 no 80 30 No. 48 -1/8" 1.1 21.1 31.4 47.5 8.3 1900 1990 2020 12P 90 30 0" - No. 48 1.9 25.1 29.3 45.6 9. 0 1860 J920 2010 150 120 30 Mine run 1.3 17.2 31.3 51.5 7.7 124,435 184o . 19 4 0' 158r- 140 , 100 4b 0" - 4" 1.2 18.5 30.9 50.6 8. 0 12,120 1880 1980 2000 120 100 20 1/8"- 4" 1.1 16.6 31.5 51.9 8.3 12,445 1850 1950 1980 130 100 30 3/4"- 4" 1. 0 16.6 31.3 52.1 7.8 12,605 1860 1960 .1990 130 loo 30 0" -3/4" 1.3 18.8 31.3 49.9 8.3 11,940 1860 1960 1980 120 100 20 0" - li" 1.6 19.1 31.4 49.5 8.5 12,060 1855 1960 1990 135 105 30 0" - 1/8" 1.7 21;8 30.1 48.1 8.31i,4 1852 1950 1980 ug loc 30 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) *um.. ..e■■■•••■•■•••••• I Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen Ash o" - 4" 66.1 4.6 8. 0 0 .9 1.9 ON WELTON N0 .9 MINE Sulphur.Forms and Fusain TABLE y1. Total • Sulphate Screen su1phur sulphur sizes .% of % of coal cbal sulphur Pyritic sulphur . % of coal . sulphur Organic - Fusain sulphur -%-e-- % of % of pure coal sulphur coal o " - 4 " 7 94 -- 0.30 3.8 5.39 67.9 2.25 28.3 4.26 1/8" - 4 " 8.22 0.23 2.8 5.38 65.5 2.61 31.7 4.58 o " - li" 8.4o 0.36 4.3 5.72 68.1 2.32 27.6 5.12 o " -1/8" 8.20 0 .66 8. 0 5.26 64.2 2.28 27.8 6.24 TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / e:creen sizes 3102 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 TiO2 P205 303 Total o " - 4 " 31.5 2 0 .9 39.2 3.6 0 .6 0.0 0 .6 o.8 0.9 2.2 100.3 /Analysis made in chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerals, under the direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. ordinate Ash Sul- -g_ % phur • Floats Sïnks distrubution wuret.-77E-urininuF WETec -TEE SurfhTir GravIfy UaTcuIE -Ega % %• Specific _Eravity Weight Sin2U-Frodts Cumulative +.10 specific gravity WELTON NO.9 MINE . TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le Slack - Ash and Sulphur 1.30 8.1 5.3 3.5 8.1 5.3 3.5 100.0 19.4 8.1 1.45 62.8 1.30 1.40 31.4 8.0 5.0 39.5 7.4 4.7 91.9 20.7 8.5 1.55 28.0 1.40 1.50 30.1 14.6 7.3 69.6 10.5 5.8 60.5 27.3 10.3 1.65 11.2 1.50 1.60 11.1 21.7 9.5 80.7 12.1 6.3 30.4 39.8 13.3 1.75 5.1 1.60 19.3 50.2 15.5 100.0 19.4 8.1 19.3 50.2 15.5 Curve No. 4 2 2 1,2,4 1. 1 3 3 3 5 5 , WELTON NO. 9 MINE TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash 0 •. Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (Dry Basis) Specific Vola- gravity Ash tile Fixed Coking Sinks Floats matter carbon properties Initial Soft- Fluid, Melt- Soften- Flow , Sul- deeorm- ening tempe- ing ing in- inter- phur ation paint rattre range terval val _Lg_ °F. 'F. F. °F. °F. r 1.30 5.3 37.2 -57.5 Good • 3.5 1830 1930 2020 190 100 90 1.30 1.40 8.1 36.1 55.8 Good 5.0 1850 1970 2010 160 120 40 1.40 1.50 14.7 31.6 53.7 Fair 7.4 1860 1970 2020 160 110 50' 1.50 1.60 21.9 27.7 50.4 Fair 9.6 1860 1950 1980 120 90 30 1.60 50.8 20.8 28.4 Poor 1.5.I 6 1850 1970 2000 150 120 30 CO 100.0 98.5 69.2 17.7 3.6 15.0 15.2 17.7 23.3 23.1 1.40 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 80.8 78.8 35.5 8.0 2.0 Curve No. 2 1,2,4 _1 _ 3 WELTON NO.9 MINE TABLE IKA: Float and Sink Data on li" - 4" Lump - Ash Cumulative' ' +10 - specific gravity Specific Weight Ash ---Pri- Sinks distribution gravity vêTet ASH' WUielt -;51-- CY,à-Trity, UaTUerifeU greâ-PIUWE . % , '.1... .50 ordinate 1.30 ' 1.5 5.5 1.5 5.5 1.30 1.40 29.3 9.2 30.8 9.0 1.40 1.50" 51.5 15.8 82.3 13.3 1.50 1.60 14:1 23:3 96.4 14.7 1.60 3.6 23.1 100.0 15.0 1 7 .30 ri c") ri z 40 ri 50 rrt 60 0 (/) •••• 1 2 •••• 11E1 5 4 Imo .4.. Ime 1111 111111111111111M , IuIpI 111111111.11111111/1111 11111111111111/3i. 5 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 /0 >I N IS - 1 H 01 3 M 3 V IN ] è1 3. .12 1.4 14% SULPHUR 10 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 2 4 1.9 1.8 1.7 16 15 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 19 1.8 6 8 10 1.7 .,16 Figure 20 - Washability Curves for Harvey Welton No. 9 mine, Harvey Welton Limited. inch slack. Curve 1 Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). • Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution. era ma -0 rn 2:1 . 0 2 4e-, > rn 50 rn 60 > (n 70 80 90 5 /0 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 1•9 1•8 1•7 1•6 1.5 1•4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 21 - washability Curves for Harvey Welton No. 9 mine, Harvey Welton Limited. 1i-4 inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float) . Curve ,2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink) Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - .10 specific gravity' distribution. • Refuse Sinks 1.60 19.7 43.4 23.0 53 , .17.8 .•• • 2020 160 Po or Clean coal Floats 1.60 80.3 11.7 33.3 55.0 6.4 13,310 1950 100 Good WELTON N0 :9 MINV TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal,Clean Coal and Refuse (0 - 14 inch slack) Raw coal Weight % 100.0 Proximate analysis (dry basis)-r , Ash % 19.1 Volatile matter % 31.4 Fixed carbon Sulphur , % 8.5 Calorific value B t u jib.. 12,060 Fusion point of ash ° F 1960 Melting range of ash °F 135 Coking properties Good 4.08 8.26 of coal % 8.40 6.54 17.61 of coal •% 0.36 0.21 0.65 of coal % 5.72 3.96 13.38 of coul % 2.32 2.17 3.58 TABLE XI. 'Screen and Chemical 2.,f1yses of Sizes Prepared From le Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Si7,es After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Screen Weigh G ,...mulative Ph Sul- F.P.A. Floats SInks sizes v-eight phur fië'Fïlt - Ash jilt-TT-F.-A. WeighL Ah Sul. F".1) :-A. .% ° F, g ° F. Fusain in pure coal SuI5Ea, Forms Total ... Sulphate Pyritic . Oreanic . ■•• *As recTThais 5.12 3/4 " - le 23.5 23.5 16.4 8.1 198 0 1/8" -3/4" 49.7 73.2 17.9 8.3 198 0 0" -1/8" 26.8 100.0 21.8 8.3 1950 89.0 12.5 6.:5 1950 11. 0 47.8 20.1 2050 83.7 11.6 6.4 195 0 16.3 44.1 16.5 1970 co 66.0 10.9 5.61970 _54.0 42.6 13.5 1950 _ e 28.5 30.1 295 485 VI near VII V near VI 177.0 173.9 Orthobiturluous E Parabituminous 19.1 11.7 50.0 5.0 45.0 5.0 75.00 4.0 0.95 26.0 Good Steel grey Triangular Very fragile Medium to large Large amt. Med. to large Med.amt. None 50.0 4.0 55.0 4.0 85.0 3.0 0.95 26.0 Good Irregular Fingery Fragile amt. Steppy Med.amt. Medium Small to Med.amt. None WELTON No.9 MINE TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated By The 'Swelling Index' Test ebb lt inch slack As received After washing 81. Volatile matter at 600 ° C. (Dry) % Swelling index, Section--Coke classification chart. Specific volatile index Section--Coal classification chart F Ash per cent in coal.(dry basis)..% Physical properties of coke: Size on wharf (% on 3" screen 'Breeze: %-1/2" Shatter test (Index: % on 2"Screen %Breeze: %-1/2" Abrasion test ,Index: .% on li : Screen 'Dust: %-1/16" Density (App. Specific Gravity 'Lbs. per cubic foot Transver3e shrinkage Appearance of natural surface Shape Strength Cross fracture Longitudinal fracture Cell structure Sponge Pebbly seam RemeCks Although washing results in improvement in the coking properties of this ooal, it is still unsuitable, when used aloné for the produc- tion of satisfactory by-prod- uct coke. Caking Properties Caking index by Gray's Method Run-of-mine sample 50 Screen Analysis As receivea As mined By Cumu- By Cumu- uaight lative weight lative 4.7 4.7 7.8 7.8 18.3 23.0 24.5 32.3 9.7 32.7 8.9 41.2 14.2 46.9 14.6 55.8 10.0 56.9 10.0 65.8 12.3 69.2 9.1 74.9 131 82.3 10.6 85.5 7.5 89.8 9.2 94.7 7.4 97.2 3.8 98.5 2.8 100.0 1.5 . 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.3 92.2 85.1 86.9 52.2 58.0 43.1 34.2 67.3 58.8 10.2 5.3 Screen Sizes* Plus 4" 2" - 4" le- 2" 1 - le 3/4"- 1" 1/2"-3/4" 1/4"-1/2" No. 48 -1/8" ' 0" -No. 48 Mine run 0" - .4" 1/8"- 4" 3/4"- .4" 0" -3/4" 0" 0" -1/8" SOUTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM KELLEY MINE, WELTON & HENDERSON, LTD., TABLE 1. ROTHWELL, NEW BRUNSWICK Screen Analyses, Bulk Density ana Apparent Specific Gravity Apparent specifln Ash gravity 11.0 1.38 11.2 1.39 11.7 1.41 11.6 1.38 11.0 1.38 12.2 1.38 12.7 1.38 13.3 16.5 2521 13.1 12.2 12.2 14.1 13.4 1.39 18.4 As minkid-- As receivea - Average size of run-of-mine coal in. 1.j5 1.67 4 * In this ana subsequent tabies, all screens 1/8" and larger are round:hole screens No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperature of 0.295 mm. Bulk density --- lb. per cu. ft. 47.8 47.0 45.3 45.0 44.8 44.5 43.8 43.3 52.5 5b .5 55.5 52.0 47.0 53.0 53.3 525 As mine 1.39 • • • Size stability during handling from mine tu Ottawa EErXRY MINE TABLE II. _Size Stability - Screen analyses before and after drop-shatter test Single sizes -- Mixe a sizes 2- --3--inch 3 - g incH 37/T - 4 Ina Bér ore AfTel; n er ore Arfer r &fore ivt-er ft er F-e-6-/-76 ----71.e. tmr------m-er Lest 2 drops test 2 drcps test 2 drops 4 drops test 2 drops 4 drops - 3 fr _ 4 II 100.0 34.5 10.9 8.7 7.1 6.5 6.3 2 " -. 3 " 100.0 55.0 . 27.5 24.1 16.6 12.1 13.2 11.1 9.2 1:: - 2 " 15.0 : 10.5 18.6 17.0 . 16.3 15.5 15.8 8.0 1 - li" 11.7 ' 9.0 27.2 22.0 22.5 12.1 6.3 .13.4 3/4" - 1 " () . , . . . . 4.5 19.2 17.8 16.3 9.5 9.7 10.1 1/2" - 3/4" •- .0 5.0 o " - 1/2" . .3 9.0 Average size..in.2.50 1.88 3.50 2.29- 1.82 1.53 1.45 1.21 1.12 1.02 Size stability % , 75 65 r1 TABLE III. -eiindability* .Screen Size of Hardgrove Index coal tested Old 0" - 4 " 64 - 0 " - 3/4" 69 0 " - 1/8" 69 *See - Appendix .1•••••■•• 9.1 11.b 11. 1..2 12.6 8.8 14.5 31.3 37.4 40.4 84 80 93 84 ■ ■ /..w.a...■ ••••0 KELLEY MINE TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash .1......................■.••••••■•••••••••••••••••••■••■•■••••■••••••••••■■•••••■■•••••■■■••■•■■■•■••■•■•■•■••■■• ■■• • . Mois- Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow ture Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform .ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- Screen sizes • (as tile carbon phur rific ation' perature rature range terval val • rec'd) matter value % j .% %. % Btu/1b., °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. Plus 4 " 1 . 0 11.0 33.5 55.5 5.7 1960 2020 2050 90 60 30 2 n - 4 " 0.9 11.2 33.1 55.7 6.2 1900 2010 2045 145 110 35 - 2 " 0.9 11.7 33.8 54.5 6.3 1930 2030 2050 120 100 20 1 " - 1i-7 0.9 11.6 33.9 54:5 6.3 ' 1935 2045 2080 145 no 35 3/4" - 1 n 1.0 11.0 33.6 55.4 6.2 1930 2035 2070 140 105 35 1/2" - 3/4 " 0 .9 12.2 33.5 54.3 6.3 1900 2000 2030 130 100 30 1/4" - 1/2 " 0.9 12.7 333 54. 0 6.7. 1910 2040 2070 160 130 30 1/8" - 1/4 " 0.9 153 33.5 51.2 7.2 1920 2000 2100 180 80 loo . 48 - 1/8 " 0 .8 16.5 32.7 50.8 7.4 195 0 2035 2070 120 85 35 0 " - No. 48 1.4 25.3 29.8 44.9 9.1 ...... 1950 2020 2050 100 70 30 ne run e 1 ' 1.0 15.1 33.3 -.53.6 6.6 1-3,3 0 1900 2040 2070 170 140 30 1/8" - " 1.0 12.2 33.7 54.1 6.5 13,390 1900 2030 2 06 0 160 130 3 0 3/4" - 4 " 0 .9 12.2 33.3 54.5 6.1 13,375 1910 .2000 2030 120 90 30 0" - 3/4" 1.0 14.1 33.4 52.5 6.9 13,130 1990 2040 2080 90 50 4o Q" - 11 " 1.1 • 13.4 33.4 53.2 6.8 13,165 1910 : 2o15 2060 150 105 45 o" - 128 " 1.2 18.4 31.6 50.0 7.8 12,140 1940 2 060 2100 16o 120 4o TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses fDry Basis) Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxy;en Ash 4" 73.0 4.6 6.6 0 .9 1.8 • KELT;EY• MINE • . TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Total Sulphate sulphur sulphur % of % of % of coal coal sulphur 0 4 " 6.7 0.15 2.3 4.27 65. 0 - 4 " 6.46 0.12 1.9 4.07 63.0 0- 9 . 6.72 0,17. ---2.5 .- 4.40 -65.5- 0 " 1/8" . 7.70 0.38 4.9 5.32 69.1 Organic . sulphur or • coal suleur 2.15 32.7 1.27 35.1 2.15 32:0 2.00 26.0 Screen . Pyritic .sulphur of % of .coal - '21.112111.1E Fusain -r-of pure coal 3.1-2 2.26 4.19 6.04 ■•■■■■■•■■••••■•■•■••■••■•■• le•••■••••■•••••■••■•■■••••••■••••■••■• •••■•••■••••■••■•■••■•••.011.....■ -TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / Screen sizes 31.02. 'Al203 Fe203 0 " - 4 " 27.4 10.1 - 52.9 /Analysis made in chemical laboratoby, of J.A. Fournier, bhief Chemist. CaO MgO - Na20 K20 TiO2 P20e Stft Total 0 .8 0.4 1.0 o.6 L.5 100.0 Diviaion of Metallic Minerals, under the direction Cumulative Weight As: Sul- Floats Sinks phur Weight Ash Sulphur Weight Ash Sulphur 56.1 7.8 5.4 66.2 7.2 5 .0 17.3 14.7 7.3 83.5 8.7 5.5 7.7 20.8 7.4 91.2 9.8 5.7 8.8 40.9 15.5 100.0 12.5 6.5 2 2 1,2.4 1 • 1 10.1 3.7 3.0 10.1 3.7 3.0 100.0 12.5 6.5 89.9 13.5 6.9 33.8 22.9 - 9.5 16.5 31.5 11.7 • 8.8 40.9 15.5 3 3 3 Specific • gravity Sinks Floats 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 Curve No. 4 +.10 opecific gravity »istribiltion Gc.avity calculated ordinate 1.35 ---80.5 1.40 77.2 1.45 42.1 1.55 16.8 1.65 5.8 1.75 2.1 5_ 5 KELLEY MINE TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le Slack. - Ash and Sulphur TABLE' IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash on Float and Sink Portions of lr Slack. (Dry Basis) Coking properties . Good . Good Good Fair P0 or . Specific Vola- gravity Ash tile Fixed aliira7.717587€17 matter • carbon 1.30 3.7 39.1 57.2 1.30 1.40 7.8 36.3 55.9 1.40 1.50 14.8 31.1 54.1 1.50 1.60 21.0 26.4 52.6 1.60 41.3 23.2 35.5 Initial'SOft- Fluid 'Melt- Soften- Fj.; Sul- deform, ening tempe- ins ing in- inter- phur ation point rature range terval val F. ° F , °F. F. °F. 3.1 1920 12000 2035 lle 80 35 5.4 1990 2080 2125 135 90 45 7.4 1940 2030 2100 160 90 . 70 7.4 1900 1990 2030 130 . 90 40 15.7 1940 2030 2060 120 90 30 KELTJEY MINE TABLE Mi. Float and Sink Data on 4" Lump - -Mt). Cumulative Weight Ash Floats - Sinks - -Jeight Ash Weight Specific gravity Sinks Floats Ash 0.3 5.3 72.6 9.0 18.7 14.9 7.9 21.8 0.5 38.0 0.3 72.9 91.6 99.5 100.0 5.3 100.0 11.2 9.0 99.7 11.3 10.2 27.1 17.3 11.1 8.4 22.8 11.2 0.5 38.0 1.30 1»t4 1.50 1.60 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 +.10 specific gravity distribution Gravity Calculated ordinate 1.35. 84.0 1.40 91.3 1.45 42.0 1.55 14.0 1.65 3.5 1.75 0.0 Curve No. 4- - - -.2 -.1,2,4 1 3 3. 4 mu or T 3 aninutredi mumemnimen. nigareeraum mum& mirms. m ummak9 gram Implami,, radon muldjurema- Ra immunimmi Ras \ Itk, 4 / ( 12 1.4 14% SULPFIUR 10 1.5 10 20 _0 JO ri Z 40 ri • 50 -II 60 0 (n 70 80 go 90 80 70 1'1 60 ri 50 e . • 0 40 30 20 /0 /0 1.9 4 1.8 20 30 1.8 . 1-7 40 50 60% ASH 2 be • 15 14 SPECIFIC GRAVITY bgt 6 1 •7 be Figure 22 - Washability Curves for Kelley Mine, Welton-Henderson LiMited. inch slack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution. 1 5 4 ./ I0 20 rn rn , . z ,0 50 o 2,1 60 0 > • • (f) 70 10 ' 20 30 40 50 60Z ASH P9 1.8 1.7 1 6 15 1•4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 23 - Uashability Curves for Kelley Mine o -Welton-Henderson 'Limited.' r?1--4 inch lumps. ( Curve 1 - Cilmulative coal-ash percentage'(float). Curve 2 Actual ash , percentage. CurVe 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± .10 specific 7ruvity distribution. Raw Clean coal coal Floats 1.60 89.2 10.0 34.6 55.4. 5.6 13,825 ' 2040 , 120 .Good 05 Sulphur Forms (A..R.)* Total -of coal %' 6.7? KELLEY MINE TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Flpain of Raw Coal,Cléan'Coal and.:RefuSe (0 - 1 -e- inch Slack) Weight Proximate analysis (dry basis)-7 Ash . . . % 13.4 Volatile matter " • % • 33.4 Fixed catbbon - . • • - .% ' 53.2 Sulphur • % 6.8 . Caloriftc . value ....... . 13,165:' •• Fusion: point of ash . . - F, .2015' . 1 , Melting range of ash ' . 150' Coking properties _ . - Good Fusain in Dime coal Refuse 4inka 1.6o 10.8 , 47.5 22.1 • 30:4 22.8 .1 • • '• -215p: ; .6o: . Poor 1722 -.. 100.0 Sulphate Pyritic Organic 5.56 0.11 3.28 2.1 .22.25 .0.51 4.0 . 0.17 " . 4.40- It it •,ri • *As rieceived basis TABLE XI. Screen .and. Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared Pram •li" Slack, and Analyses of the Clan Coal and Refuse of These. Sizes After Washing at a•Selected Gravity or 1.60 . • • • Ash Sul - F.P.A, Floats Sinks phur °F. Weight Ash Sul. F.P.A. Weight .h.sh Sul. P.P.A. % % °F. % % % °F. 11.4 6.3 2040 94.2 10.8 5.8 1900 5.9 35.6 16.2 2040 . 13.0 6.6 2020 89.8 9.2 5.4 2050 10.2 42.6 19.4 2160 .2 1'66. '6 18.4 .8 2060 1.. e.0 4.* 2000 28.1 k.o 1 . 2000 8g Screen Weight Cumulative sizes Weight 3/4" - le 35.9 35.9 1/8" -3/4" 48.9 84.8 o" -1/8" 15.2 no.° 13.4 60.0 4. 0 50.0 5.0 80.0 4:0 Run-of-mine sample Caking Properties Caking index by Gray's method 59 89. KELLEY MINE TABLE XII.. Physical Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated By The "Swelling Index' Test inch slack «MO, Volatile Matter at 600 GC. (dry)1..;..% Swelling index Sectio.n--Coke classification chart -Spécific-volattle Index- - - Section--Coal classification chart Ash per cent in coal.(dry baéis)....% PhysiCal properties of coke: Size on wharf t% on 3 1' screen . %Breeze: % -1/2 in Shatter test (Index: % on 2 in ' Breeze: -1/2 in.... Abrasion test(Index: on 1 in.... %Dust: -1/16 in Pelsity (App. .specifià gravity % Lbs. per cubic foot Transverse shrinkage Appearanàe of natural surface ' Shape trength Gross fracture Longitudinal fracture ..... Cell structure . . . . Sponge Pebbly seam Remarks As received After washIE 29.5 30.5 458 443 V near VIII V near VII 176.7 179.4 F.Orthobituminous F.Orthobitumin- ous 10.0 60.0 4.0 50.0 5.0 80.0 4.0 0.95 0.95 . 27.0 27.0 Good Good steel grey, irregular Triangular, fingery Fragile Fragile Medium to large amt. steppy MediuM to large amount • Medium ' Medium Small to medium amount None None This coal will not result in the production of a satisfactory by- product coke whén ùsed alone, and washing makes veyy little improve- ment • SOUTH MINTO AREA MAIN SEAM • YEAMANS MINES,C.S. YEAMANS NEWCASTLE BRIDGE, NEWBRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Analyses,Bulk Denaity and Apparent SpecifIc Gravity• Screen analyses Bulk Apparent As received As min6d density Screen sizes* % --- specific By Cumu- By Cumu- lb. per weight lative weight lative cu. ft. eravity Plus 4" 3.7 3.7 7.4 7.4 - 46.8 1.41 2 " - 4" 18.0 21.7 24.4 31.8 46.8 1.42 ii" - 2" 8.7 30.4 9.2 41. 0 46.3 1.42 1" - 13" 13.7 44.1 13.5 54.5 46.3 1.40 3/4" - 1" 10.5 54.6 6.7 61.2 45.8 1.39 1/2" -3/4" 12 3 66.9 9.2 70.4 45.8 1.38 1/4" -1/2" 13.1 80.0 9.9 80.3 44.8 1.37 1/8" -1/4" 8.2 88.2 8.8 89.1 44.0 1.36 No. 48 -1/8" 8.9 97.1 8.3 97.4 ( 0" - No.48 2.9 . ).00.9 2.5 100.0 (523 1.33 100.0 100.0 56.3 96.3 92.6 55.3 84.5 81.7 52.5 50.9 53.8 48.0 45.4 38.8 52.3 69.6 59.0 54.3 11.8 10.9 52.3 Mine run 0" - 4" 1/8" - 4" 3/4" - 4" 0" - 3/4" 0" - 13" 0" _7 _1/8" Ash 17.6 14.4 14.8 13.8 14.8 15.4 21.1 „30.2 15.7 • 15.2 15.4 14.1 16.8 16.5 21.8 • • As mined As received Average size of run-of-mine coal ........... ... ....in. 1.65 1.26 Size stabilit , durin: handlinz from mine to Ottawa....'. . e.6. * n s an• su•sequen a. es, a screens : ane arger are roune- 51 E scrgens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. 14" 3/4" 1/2" o" 4" 3" 2" 14" 1" 3/4" 1/2" - 411e YEAMANS MINES - TABLE II. Size Stability Screen sizes Screen analyses before and after Drop-shatter test Single sizes Mixed • sizes -----F-7-3 inch : 3/4 P-7Tri-rnch 0 -k inch -- Before After Before Aner Arféi.- Before After deter test 2 drops test, 2 drops 4 drops test 2 drops. 4 drops 11.8 5.8 5.8 6.2 3.8 3.3 100.0 58.0 23.6 17.1 14.6 12.5 13.3 12.1 14.5 17.1 12.5 10.8 '9.0 7.9 Y.1 11.o 26.9 25.4 23.3.,. 14.2 17.1 4.5 20.6 19.6 18.3 10.9 11.3 11.7 4.5 8.3 10.4 12.8 10.8 10.8 2.5 11.3' 16.8 34.4 35.8 39.2 Average sixe..in. 2.50 1.93 1.82 Size stability-% 77 1.42 1.32 78 72 1.12 1.0r 1.0D 95 89 TABLE III.. Grindability* Screen size of coal .tested 0" 4" • o" - 3/4" 0" - 1/8" * See Appendix Hardgrove index Old 70 71 Screen sizes Plus 2° - 4° - 2" 1" - 13-ft rpr 40 /2" - 3/411 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8 0 - 1/4ff. No. 48 - 1/8° 0" -No. 48 Mine Run O'a , 1/8n - 4a 3/4z - 41 . 3/4.ri ou - . 0" - 178 0 1980 2010 1950 1990 1990 2050. 1980 201Q 2030 2070 1960 2010 1980 2040 14b 14o 100 180 120 l8 ilô 8o g8 90 YEAMANS MINES TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flov Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform- ing tem- tem- ing ing in- inter- perature pera- range terval val ture 0F. 0F. 0F. OF. 1940 2010 16e 90 1940 2000 140 80 2000 2050 140 90 2000 2040 140 tloo 1930 1980 130 80 1960 2020 160 100 2040 2100 200 . 140 2040 2100 200 140 2030 2100 220 150 2030 2100 240 170 1.3 15,7 32.7 1 9 2 15,2 32,6 1 9 1 159432.8 1.1 14,1 32. 9 13 16,8 32,6 10(1 16.5 32,7 Mois- ture Ash (as tile carbon phur rific ation recgd) matter value e Btu/1b, 0F. 1.2 17.6 32.4 50.0 8.3 1850 1.2 14.4 32,5 53.1 6,5 1860 1.2 14,4 32.8 52,8 6,4 1910 1.2 14.8 32.7 52.5 6.g 1900 1.2 13.8 3.7 52.5 6.8 1850 1 0 1Z 0 ZZ 7 n9 IL 7 -Z seesra 51 9 6 7,4 12,695 187o 520 2 7 9 1 12t 7oo 1850 51 9 8 7,7 12,645 1870 53.0 6 9 5 12,930 1900 50.6 7.9 12,/.4.70 . 1920 50 0 8 8 9 0 12,470 1880 47. 4 9.2 11,345 1890 0F . 6o 6o 70 6o 50 bo TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Sample Carbon % 70.6 Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen Ash 4.7 7.1 . 0.9 1.5 15.2 on - 4 0 Screen sizes . o " - *4 " 1/8" - 4 " O " - rà-" o " - 1/8" YEAMANS MINES TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Total Sulphate sulphur sulphur % of % of coal coal sulphur 7.04 0.19 2.7 - -7.58 0.20 2.6 7.88 0.28 3.5 9.00 o.6o 6.7 Pyritic sulphur of OÏ coal sulphur 4.84 . 68.8 5.46 72. 0 : 5.52 70.1 6.58 73.0 Organic Fusain sulphur -%-i)-Y- Fof -%-75Y- pure coal sulphur coal 2.01 28.5 5.17 1.92 25.4 5.42 2.08 26.4 5.76 1.82 20.2 7.07 TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash/ Screen sizes Si02 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 TiO2 P205 S 63 Total 4" 27.8 24.2 36.1 4.8 0 .3 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.5 3.3 100.4 / Analysis made in chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerals, under the direction of. J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 Curve No. 4 5.6 3.6 2.8 5.6 3.6 2.8 30.7 6.8 4.7 36.3 6.3 4.4 39.9 12.4 6.9 76.2 9.4 5.7 10.7 19.6 8.2 86.9 10.7 6.0 .13.1 38.8 15.3 100.0 14.4 7.2 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 100.0 14.4 7.2 94.4 15.0 7.5 63.7 19.0 8.8 23.8 30.2 12.1 13..1 38.8 15.3 3 3 3 5 5 1.40 1.45 1 55 1.65 ?-.75 76.5 70.9 29.8 9.0 .3.2 YEAMANS MINES TABLE VIII: Float and Sink Data on lin Slack Ash and Sulphur _ . Specific Cumulative +.10 specific gravity eravity . Weight Ash Sul- FrOTeri _Th distribution Sina-Ploa t s phur Weight Ash Sulphur WUIght Ash SUIDEur Gravity Calculated ordinate •ABLE:IIX. Chemical Analysi s . and . Fustbility of Ash On Floàt and Sink Portions of li" Slack,(Dry Basis) . Specific " Vola - gravity Ash tile Fixed Coking n s oa s matter carbon properties L.30 3.6 38.8 57.6 1.30 1.40 6.9 37.0 56.1 1.40 1.50 12.5 33.6 53.9 1.50 1.60 19.8 28.4 51.8 1.60 39.4 24.7 55.9 •Initial Soft-Fluid Melti- Soften- Flow Sul- deform ening tempe- iLg lug in- inter- phur ation point rature range terval val __g_ °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. 2.9 1800 1870 1900 100 70 30 4.7 1840 1900 1930 90 60 30 6.9 1840 1900 1930 9 0 6 0 3 0 8.3 1810 1870, 1910 loo 6o 40 15.5 1900 1990 20110 14o _ 90 50 'Good . Got:xi Good Fair Poor • YEAMANS MINE TABLE IXA. Float and Sink Data on 1in Slack - Ash and Sulphur Cumulative +410 specific gravity Specific yeight Ash Floats Sinks ' distribution gravity Weight Ash. Weft Ash MITIVity Calculatad Sinks F1oats % % % % % ordinate 1.30 0.8 5.5 0.8 5.5 100.0 14.3 1.40 79.9 1.30 1.40 37.9 8.2 38.7 8.1 99.2 14.4 1.45 58.1 1.40 1.50 37.2 12.6 75.9 10.3 61. 3 18.3 1.55 35.7 1.50 1.60 13.4 20.8 89.3 11.9 24.1 27.0 1.65 7.5 1.60 10.7 34.7 100.0 14.3 10.7 34.7 1.75 2.4 Curve No.4 2 1,2,4 1 3 3 5 5 • 5 4 3 1111 IiI 2 1 5 r- — I. min - ----ma ■•• 90 80 70 -0 eo rn 50 40 co 2 cr) 30 20 /0 20 30 1-8 1.7 40 50 60% ASH 2 4 1.6 1.5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1 •9 1.8 /0 /.9 8 /0 6 12 1.4 /4%SULPHU.R 3 112 eeo• 10 20 _0 30 (") ri z 40 50 -1,1 60 0 (I) 70 80 90 Figure 24 - Washability Curves for Yeamans Mine, C.S. Yeomans. inch slack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - .10 specific gravity distribution. ea 2 Il " • ,2 m z 40 --f m 50 5 = 4, cio H 80 /0 /.9 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 18 1.7 16 15 1•4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY F1,7ure 25 - Washability Curves for Yeamans Mine, C.S. Yeamans. 1-7;-4 inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slnte-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - 2 .10 specific gravity cUstribution. • Clean coal Flats 1.60 87.2 10.8 34.6 • 54.6 6.0 13,610 1960 120 • Good -130 •_ Poor 5.95 • 0.15 • 3.85 1.9 Zu_s_ainecoal Total - sulphur ... Sulphate sulphur Pyritic sulphur . 0rEA111A:011111___ • e-A7n.- As reeived __riTF. of:coal % 7.8 of coal % 0.28 of - coal % •5.52 of coal .% 2. Refuse Sinks 1.60 12.8 40.0 23.7 36.3 15.1 14.90 0.59 . 12.27 2.04 . _ . • Raw . • . . . . coal • • . ,--- . . Weight . %. ' 100.0 Proximate analysig. (dry basis_ . Ash ' • .. % 16.5 Volatile matter ' ' . 32.7 . Fixed carbon ' • - . . %:- ' 50.8 Sulphur '- - : . • % '' 8.0 Calorific'value'... .. .; .. B.t.u./lb. 12,470 Fusion point:.' of ash' . 1 °F. 1960 Melting range of ash '• °F. 130 Coking properties . • • " : : Good • 5.76 : 4.84 2.26 Weight Cumulative :AshiSU1.7 . weight - .phur . .%.• :% Floats PéreZ-- Asn Welghr- Y.Y.A. % % % ° F. % % % ° F. Screen sizes Sinks 3/4" - 1/8" 3/4" 0" - 1/8" 34.8 34.8 14.4 6.8 1960 48.3 83.1 14.7 7.6 2040 16.9 100.0 21.8 9.2 1980 87.2 1 1. 8 6.0 1930 12.8 36.7 10.0 1900 •87.7 , 10.7 6.3 2020 12.3 44.7 16.4 2010 68.3 ' '9.8 5.9 2000 31.7 46.3 15.8 2000 ■D YEAMANS MINES . . TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain.of,Raw Coal,Clean Coal and Refuse mo.e.■■•■••■•■••••■•■•■•••■•■ . . . TABLE XI. Screen'atadChOmical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From Slack, and :Analyses of.the'Cleari COal and Refuse Of Ihese Sizes Aftei, Wadhing at,a'Sel ,ccted Gravity of 1.60• 97. TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated By The 'Swelling Index' Test inch slack Volatile matter at 600° C. (dry basis)% Swelling index Section--Coke Classification Chart Spectfic Volatile index.... .. Section--Coal Classification Chart Ash per cent in coal (dry basis) ..... % Physical Properties of By-product Coke Size on wharf f% on 3" screen 'Breezel thrv 1/2" Shatter test (Index: on 2" screen `Breezel thru 1/2" Abrasion test ,Index: .% on li" scPeen 1Dust:% thru 1/16" Density iApp. Specific Gravity Pounds per cubic foot Transverse shrinkage Appearance of natural surface,.:.... Shape . Strength Cross fracture Longitudinal fracture Cell structure • Sponge Pebbly seam Remarks As received After --,ashing 28.3 29.9 424 452 VII near V near VII 174.3 177.2 E - F Para to Orthobitum: Orthobitum. 16.5 10.8 50.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 55.0 55.0 4.0 11.0 80.0 80.0 4.0 4.0 0.95 0.90 26.0 25.0 Good Steel grey, Irregular Slightly triangular Hard to ragile Med. amt., slightly steppy Medium amt. Medium, irregulab Small amount None Washing does not appear to materially improve the co- king properties of this coal The washed coal, when blend- ed with suitable lov volat - ile coal, should result in the production of satisfactw ory byjaroduct coke. Caking Properties Caking Index by Gray's method Run-of-mine sample 57 NEWCASTLE BRIDGE AREA MAIN SEAM NEWCASTLE NO.2 MINE, NEWCASTLE COAL CO., LTD. MINTO,NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity Screen'analyses . . ._ Bulk As received As mineddensity Screen sizes* % " 96 F--- --- .By Cumu- By Clem- lb. per . eeight. lative . weight lative eu. ft. . Plus 4 " 7.7 2 " - 4 " 16.7 le - 2 " 7.4 1 " le 12.5 3/4" - 1 " 9.5 1/2" - 3/4 " 12.4 1/4" - 1/2 " 13.7 1/8" - 1/4 " 8.3 No. 48 " - 1/8 " 9.1 o" - No. 48 2.7 • 7.7 9.5 9.5 24.4 2 0 .8 30.3 31.8 6.9 37.2 44.3 10.6 47:8 53.8 8.4 56.2 66.2 10.9 67.1 79.9 16.3 83.4 88.2 7.5 90.9 97.3 7.1 98.0 100.0 2.0 100.0 Apparent Specific Ash gravity 1_ 48.0 1.46 16.2 46.8 1.43 14.5 45. 0 1.39 13.6 46.3 1.39 13.5 46.8 1.39 14.9 46.5 1.39 16.o 45.8 1.39 17.0 44.8 1.38 20.1 51.0 1.39 23.3 28,4. Mine run 100.0 100.0 55.5 o" - 4 " 92.3 S 90 .5 54.0 1/8" - 4 " 80 .5 81.4 51.8 3/4" - 4 " • 46.1 46.7 48. 0 O" - 3/4" 46.2 43.8 52. 0 o" - ii" 68.2 62.8 53.5 . : 16 .6 0 " - 11.8 8.1 51.0 1.39 23.4 As minea- As rece Average size or run-of-mine coal . in. 1. -60 - 1.36 Size stability during handling from mine to Otawa..% 89.3 ..sIn this and subsequent tables, all screens 1/8" and larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. 15.1 16.0 15.3 14.4 17.4 NEWCASTLE NO.2 MINE TABLE II. Size Stability Screen analyses before and- after dron=aatter test Screen sizes 3" - 4" 2 “ _ 3H le - 2" 1" - 3/4" - 1" 1/2" - 3/4" 0" - 1/2" 2- B test ^ ' 100.0 % % . 100.0 44.5 12.8 9.2 48.3 20.0 23.4 17.5 16.5 7.5 16.1 14.1 13.5 9.5 27.1 23.7 5.7 5. 0 20.6 16.3 5-5 4.5 9.6 10.5- 9. 0 9.6 3.502.k0 1.83 1.53 71 69 83 Mixed sizes 0=4"71neil At-ter Before Af---;'-te/Mer s 4 drops test 2 drops 4 d-cops % % % ')• 6.4 '5.3 11.7 10.8 8.0 7./ 13.5 11.2 10.4 11.7 13.4 15.8 36.6 40.1 ' 1.08 0.95 0.87 87 80 Average size..in. 2.50 1.78 'Size stability_._.% Single sizes . -2- T inch' -7-73 5 /.47 i---- efore After Before After 13efora After 2 drops test 2 drops test 2 drop 4.6 17.9 11.2 21.2 17.5 12.1 15.5 . 1.34 73 1.3 10.4 7.5 11.2 10.8 15.5 43.3 TABLE III. Grindability* - Screen size of coal tested - 4° - 3/4" - 1/8" Hardgrove index Old • 64 67 73 ott 00 * See Appet'eix NEWCASTLE NO.2 MINE TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Mois- Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow- ture Aa--751-à- Fixed SUI=-7-iir5r deform- ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- Screen sizes (as tile carbon phur rifio ation perature rature range terval val rec'd) . matter value __L Btu/lb. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. _ Plus 4 H 1.0 16.2 31.5 52.3 7.9 1850 • 1960 2000 150 110 40 2 " - 4 " 0 .9 14.5 32.1 53.4 6.6 1860 1990 2040 180 130 50 le - 2 " 1.0 13.6 32.6 53.8 6.2 1890 1980 2030 140 90 go 1 H - 1-1." 1.0 13.5 33.5 53. 0 6.3 1940 2030 2060 120 90 30 3/4" - 1 " 1.0 14.9 32.9 52.2 6.5 1940 2030 2060 120 - 90 30 1/2" - 3/4" 0.9 16.0 32.6 51.4 6.9 1930 2030 2060 130 100 30 1/4" - 1/2" 0.9 17.0 32.1 50.9 6.7 1860 1990 2040 180 130 50 1/8" - 1/4" 0.9 20.1 31.5 48.4 7.4 ,1860 1990 2040 180 130 50 No. 48 " - 1/8" 0.8 23.3 30.4 46.3 7.4 _ 1850 1980 2030 180 130 50 O " - No. 48 1.3 28.4 29;7 41.9 8.3 1870 2 005 2030 160 135 25 • Mine run 1.0 15.1 32.7 52.2 6.5 '_12,870 1900 2005 2030 130 105 25 O " - 4 " 0 .9 16.0 . 32.8 51.2 6.5 12,755 1940 2000 2020 80 60 20 1/8" - 4 " 0 .8 15.3 32.6 52.1 6.3 12,775 1870 2000 2040 170 130 40 3/4 " - 4 H 0 .9 14.4 31.9 53.7 6.6 13,005 1890 1970 2000 110 80 30 O " - 3/4" 0.9 17.4 32.6 50.0 6.8 12,415 1910 2010 2050 140 100 40 O " - le 1.0 16.6 33.1 50.3 6.7 12,520 1905 2000 2040 135 95 40 O " - 1/8" 1.1 23.4 30.0 46.6 7.6 _11,02 1222 2.225 2050 150 105 45 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen Ash 1.. o" - 1.0 69.4 4.5 6.5 0 .9 2.7 16.0 4-1 o o o 1/8" o •0 " - 4 " - 4 H - le NEWCASTLE NO.2 MINE TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain • Pyritic sulphur % or-- - coal sulphur c Total sulphur coal Sulphate - sulphur % coal sulphur Organic Fusain sUlphur -% of rur---rur pulfe oal sulphur coal Screen ciza5 6.44 0.16 2.5 41.3 64.1 6.28 0.12 1.9 4.10 65.3 6.62 0.19 2.9 4.28 64.7 7.56 0.49 6.5 516 68.3 2.15 33.4 3.58 2.06 32.8 3.27 2.15 32.4 4.79 1.91 25.2 6.02 TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / Screen sizes 5102 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 - 4" 34.5 25.2 30.3 . 3.3 1.7 Nil 1.2 7 Analysis made in chemic:t1 laboratory,.Division of Metallic Minerals, under the direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. TiO2 P205 SO3 Total 0.7 1.1 2.4 100.4 TABLE VIII. Float aic c T1K 'va on li lack - Anh and Suipnur Specific Cumulative rzraqii7Ç- ciight Ash Sul- Floats n-niti pl-far tli_ht Asn Sulphur Weigh --E spect.trifl5Fy f21.rtribUtJ.on 57:(Ï'c:S/'' .---U3-fc.:i.ïfeiré-a ordinate 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 77.9 47. 1 1.30 35.8 4.5 3.3 35.8 4.5 3.3 100.0 15.3 6.4 1.30 1.40 25.9 9.2 5.4 61.7 6.5 4.2 64.2 21.3 8.1 1.40 1.50 17.6 15.6 6.3 79.3 8.5 4.7 38.3 29.5 9.9 1.50 1.60 7.0 24.4 8.0 86.3 9.8 4.9 20.7 41.3 13.0 1.60 13.7 49.9 15.6 100.0 15.3 6.4 13.1 %.9.9 15.6 Curve No.4 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 3 3 3 36.8 17.8 7.4 3.8 5 5 ''ABLE IX. Chemical Anàlysis and Fusibility of Ash On -'Float and Sink Portions of 1i" Slack (Dry Basis) Specific . Vola- gravity Ash tile Fixed Coking ginks Floate. - matter carbon properties • % Initial sort- Fluid Melt- Sefel- /Plow Sul- deform- ening tempe- Ing in g in- inter- phur ation point rature range terval val % c•Fi ' °F. F. °P. °F. °F. Good Good Good Fair Poor 1.30 4.5 38.4 57.1 1.30 1.40 9.2 35.2 55.6 1.40 1.50 15.8 31.7 52.5 1.50 1.60 24.6 27.6 47.8 1.60 50,3 22., 28.4 3.3 188 0 1960 2010 130 80 50 5.4 1900 2040 2070 1 r0 140 30 6.3 1910 2000 2030 120 90- 30 8.0 188o- ' 1960 2015 135 80 55 15.7 1900 2030 2060 16o 110 3 0 NEWCASTLE NO.2 MINE TABLE IXA. Float and Sink_Data on 1i"-4" Lump - Ash +10 specific gravity . distributiOn Gravity ca1ca1a7F57- ordine.Mt 1.35 . .56.ç' 1.40 .72.8 1.45 64.0 1.55 43.5 Spec; ic Weight Ash Sinks Floats 1.30 1.1 4.7 1.30 1.à0 37.2 8.2 1.40 1.50 35.6 15.1 1.50 1.60 21.1 21.9 1.60 5.0 26.2 Cumulative Floats SIriks Weielt Ash 1,v'ight Ash . r) • % 100.0 14.4 98.9 14.5 61.7 18.3 27.0 22.0 5.0 26.2 3 3 % % 1.1 4.7 38.3 8.1 73.9 11.5 95.0 13.8 100.0 14.4 Curve No. 4 2 1.2,4 1 1 I 1 i 1. 1 i i 1 1 i 1 1 5 k:3 2 111. 1 111 la . 1 I 1 II 4 Z -41 - - - 4---- Mk «e• OM Mull Wm mum am 1 2 IMIBIFORL al am 80 70 -o rn o 602 50 --■ 40 cn 2 cn 30 20 30 ri z .11 60 c'? ;70 80 90 20 30 18 . 1-7 40 50 60% ASH 2 1.6 1.5 14 SPECIFIC GRAVITY /.9 6 8 1.7 1.6 M9 4 12 1.4 14% SULPHUR 10 1•5 Figure 26 f - Washability Curves for Newcastle No. 2 Mine, Newcastle Coal Company, Limited. l.inch slack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slàte-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - t .10 specific gravity distribution. 1.8 30 1.7 10 1.9 -cr rn z 50 rn 60 0 ;-j ° 70 90 40 50 60% ASH /6 1.5 /•4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 27 - Washability Curves for Newcastle No. 2 Mine, Newcastle Coal Company, Limited. 1-à-4 inch lumps. (- Iirve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Uurve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). GurVe 4 - Specific gravity. ( , urve 5 - .10 specific gravity distribution. Refuse Sinks 1.00 52.8 20.E 26.6 12.9 2070 145 P0 O2• 9.06 - • 12.80 0.42 10.43 •1-95 Clean coal Floats 1.60 82.6 9.3 34.9 55.8 5.1 13,850 1990 130 Good • 3.04 5.10 0.10 2.73 2.27 •Sinks . Weight Ash 3u1. F.P.A. ig 13.6 49.1 16.7 2010 13.8 51.5 14.7 2020 40.2 51.5 12.0 2000 *A:'*)= Ï10.'» U1312 X. .Ghmloal Analyjoà. and hisain of Raw Coal, Clean Coal and Refirie Raw coal Weight % 100.0 Proximate analysis (dry basis)-- Ash % 16.6 Volatile matter • % 33.1 Fixed carbon . % 50.3 Sulphur . % 6.7 Calorific value .. . 12,520 FustOn point of ash • °F. 2000 Melting range of ash " °F. 135 Coking properties Good • Fusain in pure coal • % 4.79 SUlphur Fôrms (A.R.)* ° Total of coal .% 6.62 Sulphate • . of coal .% 0:19 - Pyritic ..... coal - 56 4.28 Organic • of:coal 56 2.15 TABLE XI- Bere.en and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From le Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Sizes:After Washing at a 2elected Gravity of 1.60 mee...■•■•■••••••■•■ •■■■•■■18••■■ Screen Weight Cumulative Ash Sul- F.P.A. sizes ve 1 cht phur Welsht °F. 55 3/4" - lr 32.3 32.3 14.1 6.4 2030 86.4 1/8" - 3/4" 50.4 82.7 17.5 7. 0 2000 86.2 0" - 1/8" 17.3 100.0 23.4 7.6 2005 59.8 Floats • Ash Sulr P.P.A °F. 10.8 5.4 1980 9.4 5.1 2000 8.3 4.4 1980 • A.R. As received 4r 105. NEWCASTLE NO.2 MINE TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-product Cokes As Indicated by The 'Swelling Index' Test Volatile matter at 600 ° C. -(Dry basis)% Swelling index. . Section—Coke Classification Chart.... Specific; volatin index _Section—,Coal Classifichtion chart.... Ash per cent in coal (dry basis) . Physical-Properties of Coke: - Size on wharf ( % an 3" screen ‘Breeze:.%-1/2" Shatter test fIndex:% on 2" screen.. `Breeze171/2" • l. Abrasion test Index; on 1 n -à- screen. Dust: r-1/16" Densny.(App. Specific-Gravity , - Ubs. per cubic foot Transverse- dhrinkage., Appeaance of natural Surface,... Shape .- . . Strengn, Cross fracture • : . ' Longitudinal fracture Cell .struotre Sponge' . • Pebbly seam 1 -1- inch slack As received After washing 29.4 31.4 544 478 V near VII V 174.2 175 .6 Border of Para and Ortho- bitum-Inous 16.6 9.3 50.0 45.0 5.0 3.0 55.0 45.0 3.0 5.0 80.0 80.0 5.0 4.0 0.95 0.90 26.0 26.0 Czc.r2d Steel grey, Irregu]ar Triangular, slightly fingery Fragile to hard Med. Emt. steppy Medium amt. Màdium Small to medium amt. Nc Remarks ;-'This coal, sui received or washed does not make a satisfactory by- product coke when used alone. Caking Properties Caking index by Grays method Run-of-mine sample 49 10.8 13.4 • 13.1 12.6 12.7 12.9 13.0 14.5 17.3 22.5 13.6 13.2 13.2 12.8 14.9 13.8 18.1 •-• NEWCASTLE BRIDGE AREA MAIN SEAM BLACK DIAMOND MINES, WELTON & HENDERSON, LTD. TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity Screen sizes* Plus 4 " 2 " - 4 " - 2 " 1 " - 14" 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - . 1/2" • 1/8" - 1/4" No. 48 - 1/8" O " - ro. 48 -Rine run . O " - 4 " 1/8" . - 4 " 3/4"..- 4 " 0 " - 3/4" O r - O " 118" By Cumu- Weight lative 6.7 6.7 22.2 28.9 5.9 34.8 13.0 47.8 9.0 56.8 11.7 68.5 12.9 81.4 7.8 89.2 8.1 97.3 2.7 100.0 O. 93.3 82.5 50.1 43.2 65.2 10.8 BY. Cumu- Weight lative 9.6 9.6 26.0 35.6-. 5.7 41.3 11.9 53.2 9.3 62.5 10.1 72.6 12.7 85.3 7.6 92.9 5.1 98.0 2.0 100.0 00. 90.4 83.3 52.9 37.5 58.7 7.1 BiiIk ApparenE- density specific lb. per Cu. ft. gravity •46.0 1.38 45.0 1.39 45.0 1.37 45.3 • 44,8 1.35 44.0 1.36 43.3 1.34 49.8 1.41 7.3 56.8 53.8 48.8 52.0 53.0 49.8 1.41 qqr/1_121-11.! As receiVed Asmiid Ash .* ed As mined As reoaiv - . , . _ Average sire cr run7of ,mine . coal in. 1.73 1.49 • Size stability during handling from mine to Ottawa % 85.8 *In this and subsequent tables, all screens lid" and larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 .is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. . BLACK DIAMOND MINES TABLE II. Size Stability Screen analyses efore and after drop-shat er test Sin14:_fUl Mixed sizes Screen 2 - 3 incb-----75-7.-4- inch -----.57r-7.7-i=n "=4- inell sizes Before Afcer Beiore Uter Férore -Irter After Before ;fter AfIer test 2 drops test 2 drops test 2drops 4 drops test 2 drop8 4 drons ........_ ..................__. 100.0 52.5 15.0 11.7 7.1 8.1 6.7 6.3 100.0 62. 0 20.5 29.3 22.1 21.3 15.7 15.8 15.0 16.0 9.0 11.8 9.6 10.4 6.3 5.8 5.8 8. 0 6. 0 25.9 22.1 20.0 13.9 11.3 10.0 4.5 3.5 18.0 17.1 16.7 9.5 8.3 8.3 3. 0 2.5 8.3 10.8 12.5 11.3 11.3 6.5 6. 0 9.1 13.7 34.o. 40.8 43.3 Average size..in. 2.50 2.00 3.50 2.54 1.95 1.63 1.46 1.20 1.11 1.06 Size stability.% 80 73 84 75 92 89 TABLE III. Grindability Screen size of 'Hardgrove index coal tested Old 0"- 4" 65 o" - 3/4" 65 o" - 1/8" 68 * See Appendix 3" - 4" 2" - 3" - 2" 1" - 3/4" - 1" 1/2" - 3/4" 0" - 1/2" BLACK DIAMOND MINES TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash ois- Dxasi.s Initial Soften- PlUid Melt- Soften- Flow ture ---Kir-111-01-à---.FiX6dSul--Ca-lb- deform- ing tem- tempe- in r In, in- inter- Screen sizes (as tile carbon phur rific ation perature rature range ter7a1 val reed) matter ....../- % % .% Btvualill.b., °F. °F. °F. F. °F. °F. Plus 4" 0.9 10.8 34.3 54.9 5,7 1930 1980 2010 80 go 30 2" - 4" 0 .9 13.4 32.9 53.7 6. 0 1930 1980 2010 80 50 30 1i" - 2" 0 .8 13.1 33.2 53.7 5.9 1920 1975 2010 90 55 35 1" - 1i" 0 .8 12.6 33.3 54.1 6. 0 1920 1970 2005 85 50 35 3/4" - '1" 0.9 12.7 33.9 53.4 6. 0 1910 1965 2000 90 5 , . 35 1/2" -3/4" 0 .8 12.9 34.1 53. 0 5.9 . 1900 1970 2010 110 70 4o 1/4" -1/2" 0 .8 13.0 33.5 53.5 6. 0 1920 2020 2050 130 100 30 1/8" -1/4" 0.9 14.5 33.1 52.4 6.3 1920 2020 2050 130 100 30 No 48 -1/8" o.8 17:3 32.5 ' *50.2 6.6 1950 2050 _ .207 0 120 , _100 , 20 0" - No.48 1.6 22.5 32.3 45.2 7.1 . . 1950 2030 2045 95 . 80 15 ine run 0.9 13.6 33.9 52.5 6.2 13,260 1930 2015 - 2025 95 • -813 10 0 " - 4" o 9 13.2 33k 53.4 5.9, 13,240 1930 2000 2010 80 70 . 10 . 1/8" - 4" 0.8 . 13.2 33.1 53.7 . 6.1 13,315 1900 1970 . 2040 140 : 70 70 3/4" - 4" 0.8 12.8 33.6 53.6 6.3 13,300 1960 2050 2080 120 90 30 0" -3/4" 1.0 14.9 33,2 51.9 6.212 y 9*5 1900 '^o50 2040 140 50 , , ...q, -L.,/ 90 0 " - le 1. 0 13.8 33.8 52.4 5.9 13,170 1940 2045 2055 115 105 10 0" -1/8" 1.1 18.1 32.1 49.8 6.7 12,280 1900 1990 2000 100 90 10 TABLE V. ,Ultimee Analyses (Dry Bàsis) Sample Carbon HyOrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen Igh 0" - 4" 72.8 4.8 5.9 0.9 2.4 , 13.2 1-1 CO 5.88 0.18 3.1 3.49 59.4 6.02 0.14 2.3 3.53 58.6 5.81 0.19 3.3 3.56 61.3 6.58 0.44 6.7 4.25 64.6 BLACK DIAMOND MINES TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Screen sizes Total Sulphate sulphur sulphur % of coal coal sulphur Pyritic sulphur % of % of coal sulphur Organ1C------7-2WaU sulemr g of of , pure coal sulphu, ' coal . 37 .F, 3.37: 2.35 39.1 3.38 2. 06 35.4 4.65 1.89 28.7 4.70 0" - 4" 1/8"- 4" 0" -1/8" TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / Screen sizes 3102 Al203 7e203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 T 1 02 P205 323 Total 0" - 4" › 33.5 25.5 30 .9 3.8 0.5 Nil 1.1 0.7 0.8 2.7 / AnalySis made in chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerals, under the direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1;50 1.60 1.60 Curve No.4 15.5 3.4 2.8 34.9, 6.3 4.1 27.7 12.4 6, 2- 8.4 21.9 7.3 13.5 42.2 14.4 2 2 70./ 68.1 55.5 25.2 6.5 3.0 5 BLACK DIAMOND MINES TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le Slack - Ash and Sulphur Cumulative Ash Sul= ----Floats phur ViefiHE AsH UTIIphur WeIgHE % +.1) specific geavity Sinks ' .distributi.on Ash, SUIphur Gravit7 Calculated ordinate Specific gravity Weight Sinks Floats 1.35 15.5 3.4 .2.8 100.0 13.7 6.1 1.40 50.4 5.4 3.7 84.5 15.6 6.8 1.45 78.1 7.9 4.6 49.6 22.1 8.6 1.55 - .86.5 9.2 4.9 21.9 34.4 11.7 1.65 100.0 13.7 6.1 13.5 42.2 - 14.4. 1.75 1,2,4 1 1 3 3 3 •■•••■■•■■■■•■ ■■■••••■•.••••■••■■■■••■•■•fflim...1•■••■•■•• 4.■•■■■■••weempna... TABLE .IX. Chemical Analys*e'and Fusibility of Ash On. Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (DrY . basis) , Specific Vola- • . .. . gravity Ash tile .F1xed Coking -- 1.nks 71-6-FFJ mater'carbon Pro..peties % - - Initial Soft- Fluid MeIt- bnftell- Flow .Sul- deform- ening tempe- ing inp in- ini;er- pliur ation point rature range terral val „., 0, 0F. °P. 01,f. F. el" -.7b-- n r _ -L_ - 1.30 3.4 32.6 64.0 1.30 1.40 6.4 36.9 56.7 1.40 1.50 12.5 33.3 54.2 1.50 1.60 22.0 27.9 50.1 1.60 42.6 23.9 33.5 Good 2.8 1930 2040 2050 120 110 10 Good 4.1 1930 2000 2010 80 70 10 Good 6.2 1915 1950 2050 135 35 100 Fair 7.4 1915 1950 2070 155 35 120 Poor 14.6 1900 1960 2080 180 GO 120 BIÀCE DIAMOND MINES • TABLE IXA.. Float and Sink Data on 1e-4" Lump -'Ash Cumulative 4-.10 specific gravity Specific Weight Ash Floats Sinks distribution gravi tv fiUTTe,ht Ash Weight Ash Gravity Calculated Sin s F1ats % .% % % % % ordinate 1. 30 4.4 7.7 4.4 7.7 100.0 15.6 1.35 1.30 1.40 17.7 9.2 22.1 8.9 95.6 16.0 1.40 1.40 1.50 33.9 12.3 56.0 11.0 77.9 17.6 1.45 1.50 1.60 40.9 21.2 96.9 15.3 44.0 21.6 1.60 3.1 27.0 100.0 15.6 3.1 27.0 Curve No.4 2 1,2,4 1 3 3 36.5 51. 67.6 90 80 30 -o rn Dz) C-) pi z 40 rn 50 60 r- 0 (I) 70 70 -o rn C) 60 2 ri 50 5 40 -; (I) 30 20 /0 ' t I 3 4 ai MIL 10 1.5 4 1.8 12 1.4 6 8 1.7 1.6 /4% SULPHUR /0 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 1-9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.9 Figure 28 - Washability Curves for Black Diamond Mine, Welton-. Henderson Limited. 1?,17 inch slack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ±. .10 specific gravity distribution. .11 rn z 40 50 60 0 cre 70 80 90 3 À ( 10 20 30 40 50 60%, ASH b8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 29 - Washability Curves for Black Diamond Mine, Welton- Henderson Limited. 11-4 inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - i .10 specific gravity distribution. 5:81" .0:19 3.56 2.06 ,.Clean eds.]. Refuse .Floats".1.60 • 'Sinks 1.60 111■•■•■•■•■•••■•••■■•■••■•■••■■•••••■• 86.6 9.2 34.8 56.0 5.o 13,950 1960 70 Good 2.88 4.99 0.10 2.73- 2:16 13.4 43:o 23.1 33.9 14.-6 1980 90 Poor 7.94 14;45 0.61 11.08 2.76 BLACK : DIAMOND MINES TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Rav Coal, Clean Coal and Refuse Raw coal Weight. • % 1400.0 Proximate analysis (dry basis Ash ' % 13.8 Volatile matter - % 338 Fixed carbon % 52.4 Sulphur S " • %. 5.9 . Calorific value . ' B t u Fuaion point of ash °F. 2045 . Melting range of ash ' ° F. 115 Coking properties Good Fusain in pure cbal- % 4.65' • SulP)iur Forms (A.R.)* Total of coal :Sulphate of 'coal, Pyritic of coal »Organic ' • of.ccial Mi■ TABLE XI, Screen and Chemical le Slack, and Analyses of the Sizes After Washing at a Analyses:of,Sizes :PreparedFrom Clean COarand.Refilse of Thèse Selected Gravity Of 1.60 •■■••■••••011 ••• •■■•■•••••■•••■•■ •■• Screen' sizes 3/4"- 1/8"-3/4" 'O "-1/8 ' *A.R. - As Weight Cumu'lative Ash Sul- F.P.A. w....;43ht phur --%_ 33-7 33.7 12.6 6.o 1970 49.7 83.4 13.4 6. 0 2020 16.6 100.0 18.1 6.71930 received basis wner 92.6 10.5 5.4 1970 88.3 8.8 4.9 1970 73.7 8. 0 4.3 1990 Wiiig Sinks n--AUE-BUI7-F71/7K. % 7 • 4 37.4 14.4 2020 11.7 46.3 14.6 2020 26.3 48.9 13.3 1970 Floats Ash Sd1-77F7F7A. °F. 113. BLACK DIAMOND MINES TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-product'Cokes - :As Indicated By The 'Swelling Index' Test • • 1 inch slack KE—rece76----Tfter vaihing • Volatile màtter at 600° C.(dry basie)% •Swelling index Section--Coke Classification Chart. Specific volatile index Section--Coal Classification Chart Ash per cent in coal (dry basis)....% Physical Properties of Coke-- Size on wharf I% on 3" screen - . - • Breeze4-1/2" Shattér test fIndex:% 6n 2" screen 'Breeze 4-1/2" Abrasion test t Index:% cn lescreen ‘Dust4-1/16" - Density pipp'. Specific Gravity Lbs. per cubic foot Transverse shrinkage Appearatce of hatural surface Shape Strength Cross fracture Longitudinal fracttre Cell structure Sponge Pebbly seam . .11 • • Remarks 30.2 31.7 397 505 V V 179.2 F-Orthobituminous 13.$ 9.2 40.0 3.0 45.0 5.0 80.0 4.0 0.90 26.0 • Good Good • . Steel grey,irregular Slightly triangular, fingery ..-- Fragile - Med. to large amt. Steppy 'Med. to large amt. Med. 'Small to med. amt. • None This coal, raw or washed, is unsuitable, when used arnne for the manufacture of suit- able domestic by-product coke. 30.0 4.0 40.0 6.0 75.0 4.0 0.95 28.0 Caking Properties Caking ind6x by Gray's method Run-of-mine sample 58 NEWCASTLE BRIDGE AREA SAIN SEAM ("Hard" or Normal Coal'and "Soft" or Crop Coal) McDougal Mine, John G. McDoudal Mint(); New Brunswick TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity .("Hard" & "Soft" Coal Mixed, as Mined)* Screen sizes+ Plus 4 " 1.1 2 " - 4 " 8.6 ir - 2 " 4.2 1 " - le 9.3 3/4"- 1 " 8.4 1/2"- 3h" 9.6 1/4"- 1/2" 15.2 - 1/4" 14.5 No. 43 - 1/3" 22.3 o " - No. 48 6.8 100.0 Mine run 100.0 100.0 54.5 14.9 O " - 4 " 98.9 98,1 53.3 14.1 1/8" - 4 " 69.8 6(„8 50 . 0 15.5 3/4" - 4 " 30.5 26 .8 49.5 15.8 o " -3/4" 68.4 71.3 47.0 13.9 O zi _ -,„1.fi 86.1 83.7 51 14.2 O " -:1!8" 29.1 28.3 Pi2,2, 1.31 10.7 As mind Ià recérféd Average sie of ru:.,-of-ir.1,,e , oal • . . .'n. 0.82 0.76 31zestabi]it ,i_ u durinu hlindlinF_from mine to Ottawa... ..,... A (,,'C 3 -717-i -airs-7771 sliUdéqe -fOiTe s , -a-friiTiL :e=fl-grr 73.-Lici--1-87-F7 71 -&-Fo- 'Ira- 1-r5re-i-c7é-e-n-s . - No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal apertu7. - of 0.295 nm. *As mined - Approximately 80% "Hard" and 20% "Soft" coal. % By Cumu- By Oumu- lb. per 7elupt lative vreiEht lative cu, ft. Screen analyses Bulk Apparent As recdived As mrhed density specific Ash _ 1.1 1.9 1.9 9.7 9. 0 10.9 13.9 5.4 16.3 23.2 7.5 25.8 31.6 4.9 28.7 41.2 12.7 41.4 56.4 15.3 56,7 70 .9 15.0 71.7 37 0 5 93.2 22.1 93.8 Ç42.8 6.2 100.0 1 gravicy % 1.45 16.8 48.5 1.44 17.2 46.o 1.44 16.4 46.o 1.46 18.2 45. 0 1.4) 16.2 44.3 1.42 16.0 41.5 1.40 14.0 1,34 1].8 £.3 .6 1.31 14.3 McDOUGAL MINE TABLE IA Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity "Hard" Coal "Soft" Coal Screen analyses Bulk Apparent Screen analyses Bulk Apparent As received demstty As received density % -7; --- specific % % --- specific BY Cumu- lb. per By Cumu- lb. per „ Weight lative Cu. ft. gravity Weight lative cu.ft. .:(.avity Screen sizes* Plus 4" 3.0 3.0 0.2 0.2 6 • • • e V - 4" 20.7 23-7 45.0 1.45 1.3 1.5 .... lr - 2" in 16.2 39-9 44.0 0.6 2 1 • • • • • 1" - 14" 20.8 60.7 45.5 3.5 5.6 .... .... • 3/4" - 1" 10.3 71.0 45.8 1.42 7.7 13.3 •••• O 1/2" - 3/4" 10.3 81 3 45.0 7.3 20.6 .... 1/4" - 1/2 11 8.4 89.7 46.0 7.4 28.0 .... 1/8" - 1/4" 3.4 93.1 46.0 • .••• 18.2 46.2 .... No.48- 1/8" 5.0 98.1 38.6 84.8 .... 0" - No. 48 1.9 100.0 47.0 15.2 100.0 •••• •••• • Mine run 100.0 52-3 .... 100.0 44.3 1 1.32 0" - 4" 92.0 .... .... 99.8 .... 1/8" - 4" 90.1 •••• •••• 46.0 3/4" - 4" 68.0 .... 13.1 .... 0" - 3/4" 29.0 • .. ... 86.7 .... 0" - 14" 60.1 62.5 •••• 97.5 ow r -. le" 6.9 .... 53-8 .... "-Hard" Coal -edoft" Coal Average size of run-of-mine coal in. 1.45 0-33 t.-. - i--. ul * In this and subsequent tables all screens 1/8" ând larger are round-hole screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. • • • • McDOUGAL MINE TABLE II. Size Stability ("Hard" Coal) '• Single sizes- • Mixea sizes Screen 2 - • inch• 37k inch • - 4 Inch sizes efore After Before Aner Kft-é-i; bF?ore An-Jr -TrFer test 2 drôps test 2 drops 4 drops test. 2 drops 4 drops 3 " - 4 " 4.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.1 2 " - 3 " 100.0 50.5 23.3 21.2 18.3 7.2 4.6 4.6 - 2 " 17.5 13.8 8.3 9.6 4.2 4.6 3.8 1 " - 1 - •" 12.5 30 .5 24.2 20.4 9.4 7.1 7.1 3/4" ..- 1 " 5.0 27.5 20.0 18.3 8.5 9.2 8.4 1/2" - 3/4" 5.0 10.8 13.8 9.7 10.5 10.5 o " - 1/2" 9.5 11.7 17.5 58.5 61.5 63.5 Average size ..in.2.50 1.82 1.62 1.38 1.25 0.71 0.64 0 61 Size stability...% - 73 85. 77 90 86 Screen analyses before and after drop-shatter test TABLE III. Grindability+ Screen itzu br- Hardgrove index coal. tested Old • As mined* O " - 4 " .72 . O " - 3/4". .81 O " 1/8" . 9.1 "Soft" coal 89 "Hard" coal - 65 + See Appendix * As mined - Approxfmately 80% "Hard" and 20% "Soft" coal. •••••■•■•••■■■ Soften- Flow ing in- inter- terval val ITO 100 70 80 30 120 20 McDOUGAL MINE , , TABLE IV. Proximate Analysés, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash ("Hard" and "Soft" Coal Mixed, as Mined Mois- basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- ture AsH--VM=-Piiéa----nl- 5.10- deform- ing tem- tempe- ing Screen sizes (as tile carbon phur rifio ation perature rature range rec'd) matter _7...:Iir Bt ° u lb. F. ° F. ° F. °F. Plus 4 " 1.2 16.8 31.9 51.3 9.2 1900 2020 2140 240 2 " - 4 " 1.1 17.2 31.6 51.2 8. 0 1800 2000 2090 210 le - 2 " 1.1 16.4 32.2 51.4 7.9 . 1870 1970 2070 200 1 " - 1 i" 1.1 18.4 32.3 49.3 8.1 1870 1970 2080 210 3/4" - 1 " 1.2 16.2 32.2 51.6 7.9 . 1900 1980 2 080 180 1/2" - 3/4" 1.4 16.0 31.8 5.2 7.2 lglo 1980 2 085 175 1/4" - 1/2" 1.8 14.0 31.9 54.1 6.0 1900 1975 2070 170 1/8" - 1/4" 2.4 11.8 32. 0 56.2 4.6 ....... 1870 196o 2075 205 No. 48 - 1/8" ,•3. 0 9.6 32:-6 57.8 3.7 1880 1970 2 070 190 o " - No. 4d . 2.4 14.3 28.3 57.4 3 9 _ 1880 1990 2o6o 180 O " o " Mine run ---- -„„- ---- --- Mine run 2. 2-7.7479 31.3 5578---671 12,413-15 1870 196,0 2030 160 o " - 4 " 2.1 14.1 31.6 54.3 6. 0 12,475 1830 195-o 2010 180 1/8 " - 4 " 1.7 15.5 31.7 52.8 6.7 12,560 1850 1960 2010 160 3/4" - 4 " 1.1 15.8 32.7 51.5 7.4 12,720 1900 1970 2040 140 O " - 3/4" 2.6 13.9 31.2 54.9 5.6 12,550 19o0 1970 2040 140 2.7 14.1 31.5 54.4 5.6 12,540 1960 1950 2010 150 3.6 10.7_31.87:5_3.8 12,750 1840 1960 2050 210 "So -'t" Coal 2.9 7.4 33.0---5976- .E) -137165 2080 225Zi-- 2TBU--ge5 "Hard" Coat - 4 - 4 - 1-1" - 1/8" °F. °F. 120 120 120 90 100 100 100 110 80 loo 70 105 75 95 80 115 go loo 110 70 90 70 120 6o 110 50 90 70 70 70 90 6o 210 120 90 _ _ Mine run - 1.1 18.0 31.6 50.4 8.6 12,295 1900 . ' 2000 2070 170 Plus le • 1.0 16.5 32.2 51.3 7.6 1940 2020 2050 110 O - 1t" _ _ 1.1 172 95O9 8,7 1930 2050 2070 140 , _ TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Sample Carbon Hydrogen StIlphur Nitrogen Oxyrn Ash . • % Jg %_ • % ..1_ ' 0"-4"As mined* 70.0 4.6 6.0 0 .8 4.5 14.1 Mine Run-"Soft" 76.2 4.9 2.6 1. 0 7.9 7.4 4(As mined - Approximately t510%, aHare-1.7-20% "Soft e colll_ 1^-& 1-4 -1 Screen sizes MoDOUGAL MIRS TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Total Sulphate sulphur sulphur Thf %-of -5P- of- coal coal sulphur Pyritic sulphur % of -coal sulphur Organic sulphur of e coal sulphur Fusaia _ . pflre coal "Hard" and "Soft" Coal Mixed, as mined 0" - 4" 1/8"- 4" o" - O" -1/8" 5.67 0.34 6.56 0.27 5.43 0.35 3.70 0 51 6.0 3.30 4.1 4.19 6.4 3.10 13.8 1.37 - "Hard" Coal 58.2 2 - 03 35.8 63.9 2.10 32.0 57.1 1.98 36.5 37.0 1.82 49.2 3.94 33.62 4.14 4.86 Mine run Mine run 8.54 0.20 2. 6.o6 71.0 2.28 26 3 "Soft" Coal 2.48 0.17 6.9 0.46 18.5 1.85 00 74.6 2 .74 TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / ("Hard" and "Soft" Coal Mixed, as Mined) Screen sizes B102 Al203 Fe203 Ca0 4g0 Na20 K20 TiO2 P205 0" - 4" % 30.1 24.5. 29.2 2.6 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.9 . 0.6 / Analysis made in chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerais, unier of J.A.'Fournier, Chief qternie. Tntaf 1.5 100,4 th 9 direction % Specific Culeulative 5yavity Weiet Ash Sul- Floats Sinks phur Weight Ash Sulphur Wright Ash Sulphur 4. 100.0 13.4 5.3 92.1 14.3 5.5 21.9 38.1 9.9 , 15.7 46.1 10.3 13.6 50.0 10.7 +.10specifio gravity - d -Istribution Gravity Odloulated ordinate 1.35 89.7 1.40 83.0 1.45 26.8 . 1.55 5,4 1.65 3.0 2.5 1.30 7.9 2.2 2.5 7.9 2.2 2.5 1.30 1.40 70.2 6.9 4.2 78.1 6.4 4.o 1.40 1.5 0 6.2 17.8 8.8 84.3 7.3 4.4 1.50 1.60 2.1 21.0- 7.6 86.4 7.6 4.P, 1.60 13.6 50.0 10.7 100.0 13.4 5.5 A gg McDOUGAL MINE • TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on le Slack - Ash and Sulphur ("Hard" and "Soft" Coal Mixed, As Mined) Curve No.4 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 3 3 3 5 5 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash On Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (Dry Daais) ("Hard" and "Soft" Coal Mixed, As Mined) Specific Vola- U'avItY Ash tile Fix-d 1176ac meter carbon 1.30 2.2 36.3 6 .5 1.30 1.40 7.0 34.1 53.9 1.40 1.50 18.1 29.0 52.9 1 50 1.60 21.4 27.2 51.4 1.60 51.0 19.9 29.1 Initial Soft- Fluid MefUr77 -777. Flow $u1- deform- entng tempe- ins i- inter- phur ation point rature ralle tervai val %._ °F._ F. F. °F. ° J7. °F. Good 2.5 1890 2030 2100 '210: 140 73 Fair 4.3 1890 1980 2000 110 90 20 Fair 9.0 1890 2020 2090 200 7 130 70 Poor 7.8 1880 1950 2000. 120 70 50 lomerate 10.9 1890 2000 2060 170 ,110 60 Coking properties 0 1-à \ 80 70 -o 3 -o 0 pi rn z 40 ri 50 -41 60 0 p, 70 60 z 5 50 t (I) 30 80 20 /0 90 .8* 20 30 1•8 1.7 40 50 60% ASH 2 1.6 h5 1-4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY /.9 /0 1.9 12 1.4 /4% SULPHUR /0 1.5 8 16 6 1.7 4 1.8 Figure 30 - Washability Curves for McDougall Mine. Mixed Run-of-mine. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curve 4 Specific gravity. Curve 5 - = .10 specific gravity distribution. 30 rn z --1 50 4,60 (I) 70 80 R ormmum a U m M 1111111111111» Fam ma ma w mum 11111111111•1131111 làIIIIIIIII ImumignI iwamm. IIIIIIIIIIIII» ffl_111111111 1111111111111111 1 M M 111111113m11 1111111111111111M RII11111, 111111111 lit r ra,..1. .1 fa !Fig pol 1...- ... ., . . . . /0 20 30 40 1.9 11.-3 1.7 . 50 60% ASH /5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 31 - WashabilityCurros for McDougall. Mine. "Hard" Goal. , Plus 1 inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal- ah percenage (flout). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative lute- h percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - =t .10 specific gravity distribution. Curve No. 4 2 1,2,4 1 5 McDOUGAL MINE Float and Sink Data on Plus Lumps - Ash ("Hard" Coal) Cumulative' +.10 specific gravity _ Ash Floats Sinks ' distribution Weiglii Ash' iief-éiii- ASE Gravity Calculatdd % --/-... 74 _%____ % • 1.30 0.0 ... 0.0 ... 100.0 17.6 1.40 1.30 1.40 38.2 9.4 38.2 9.4 100.0 17.6 1.45 1.40 1.50 34.7 13.8 72.9 11.5 61.8 22.7 1.55 1.50 1.60 1.6 25.2 74.5 11.8 27.1 34.1 1.65 1.60 25.5 34.7 100.0 17.6 25.5 34.7 Specific zravity Weight Sinks 'Moats ordinate 88.9 74.4 8.2 1.8 TABLE IXB. Float and Sink Data on. Mine Run - Ash ("Soft" Coal) 'pecific Cumulative +.10 specific gravity ravity Weight Ash Floats Sinks distribution Weight Ash Weight Ash Gravity CalCulated %.% 1.30 43.6 2.1 43.6 2.1 100.0 6.7 .30 1.40 44.3 4.6 87.9 3.4 56.4 10.3 L.40 1.50 3.9 17.5 91.8 4.0 12.1 31.2 1 . .50 1.60 2.0 29.9 93.8 4.5 8.2 37.7 1.60 6.2 40.2 100.0 6.7 6.2 40.2 Curve No. 4 2 1,2,4 1 _" 3 lks Floats ordinate 1.35 93.9 1.40 49.9 1.45 13.8 1.55 3.7 1.65 3.0 1.75 2.0 Refuse Sinks 1.60 11.5 53.4 19.1 27.5 11.5 180 Poor Fusain in pure coal _1 4.14 3.52 Sufhur FormsçA.R.T , Total sulphur of coal % 5.43 Sulphate sulphur .... „ of coal % 0.35 Pyritic sulphur of ccal(i .3_10 __ - •. 915_,Eanic sulphur of coal % 1.98 6.48 11.34 0.72 8.96 1.66 4.91 0.25 2.54 2.12 McDOUGAL MINE TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Funain of Raw Coal, Clean Coal and Refuse ("Hard" and "Soft" Coal Mixed, as Mined) . . Raw Clean Coal cal Floats 1.60 ......% 100.0 88.5 •■••■■•••■•■11 Weight Proximate analysis (dry basis)-- Ash % 14.1 Volatile matter % 31.5 Fixed carbon % 54.4 Sulphur %. 5.6 Calorific alue B t u /1b 12,4-0 Fusion point of ash '''F. 1950 Melting range of'ash . ° F. 150 Coking properties Fair 8.4 33.7 57.9 5.0 1 -2;,615 2000 120 Good TABLE XI. Screen and Chemical Analyses of Size Prepared From 1 41." Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Slzes After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Screeu Vbight Curriative fu-qi Sul- F.P.A. 11oats Sinks sizes weight phur Weight Ash Sul. F.P,A, Weight Ash Sul. F.P.À. cF. ° F. _ _g P 5 °F. ••■••■■•■• ...m■Jr• 3/4" -J" 20.6 20.6 17.5 8.1 1980 90.1 11.7 ).9 2070 9.9 1/8" -3/4" 45.6 66.2 13.7 5.8 1975 84.4 8.2 5.1 2000 15.6 0 " -1/8" 33.8 100.0 10.7 3.8 1960 84.2 6.3 -;.3 1920 15.8 - 47.0 14.9 2000 50.7 14.1 1970 37.7 8.4 2000 !--s *A.R. - As received basis 122. TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-product Coke As Indicated By The 'Suelling Index' Test 1 -e inch slack Xs recerved After washing Volatile matter at 600 ° C. (dry basis)% Swelling inde .sc Section--Coke Classification Chart.... Specific volatile index Section--Coal Classification Chart.... Border of D & C D Parabituminous Parabituminous Ash per cent in coal (dry basis) % 14.1 8.4 Physical Preperties of Coke-- Size on wharf ,% on 3" screen 30.0 Sreeze:%-1/2" 4.0 Shatter test ,Index: %-on 2" screen - 30.0 ‘Breeze:%-1/2" 5.0 Abrasion test Index: % on le screen 6 0 . 0 Dust:-1/16" 7 o Density iApp. specific gravity 0.85 Lbs. per cubic root 25.0 Transverse shrinkage Very Geod Very Good Appea''ance of naturLi surface Dull,grey Steel grey granular irregular Shape Irregular Triangular Strength Very poor Very fragile Cross fract-re large amt. Med. to large amt. • steppy Longitudinal fracuilre • large amt. Med. to large amt. Cell structure Very little Med. to large Sponge Granular ends Med. amt. Pebbly seam Pebbly to Non- None coking Remarks The raw aoal is practically non- coking. Washing materially im- proves this property, but not sufficiently to allow for the . preparation of suitable by- product coke when the coal is used alone. Caking Properties Caking index by Gray's Methpd As Mined sample 41 "Soft" Coal 44 "Hard" Coal 55 160.2 25. 3 -158 XIII 27.5 72.8 Border of VI & VIII 164.1 Plus 4 " 2 " - 4 " - 2 " , • - - 1 " 1/2 " - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" - 1/4 n No. 48 - 0 " - No 48 Mine run 0 It 4 " - 4" 3/4" - 4 " 0 " • 3/4" 0" " 100.0 '15.8 97-9 53.3 86.1 54.0 45.7 52.2 53.5 78.9 57.0 11.8 51.0 1.39 16.9 16.3 16.9 16.8 19.8 17.8 26.3 CHIPMAN AREA 'MAIN SEAM MYLES SLOPE, NO.1 MINE, GEO. H. MYLES ec CO., LTD. CHIPMAN, NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Denllty and .4pparent Specific Gravity Screen sizes* Screen analyses Bulk Apparent 7A-J-imvb-a -- density -3- % --- Specific Ash By Cumu- lb. per Weleht latiye Cu. ft. gravity 2.1 2.1 47.0 1.46 20.5 11.4 13.5 4-2.0 1.44 16.5 7.6 21.1 49.5 1.48 16.7 14.0 35.1 48.5 1.44 17.3 12.7 47.8 47.0 1.42 16.0 - 15.3 63.1 47.0 1.42 ..-- 16.3 79.4 46.3 1.40 15.8 8.8 88.2 43.0 1.42 19.0 9.0 97.2 , 22.9 is 0 39 2.8 100.0 51. 1 34.9 Au: miner'. As received Average F.iz‘.3 0 .:7 run-of-mine coal ........... ....‘...... ..... in. 1.02 In tilts and subsecuent tables, all screens 1/8" and laru0er.are round-hole screens. No. 48 is-Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. MYLES BLX5E TABLE II. Size Stability Screen sizes Screen analyses before and after drop-shatter test Siiiié-M-Ui------ -.Mixed sfzes - 3 inch 3/4 - 4 inch U-- irincE tefore .After efore After After rénre Teter AneF test 2 drops test 2 drops.4 drops test 2 drops 4 drops __% • 7.4 5.8 2.5 3.5 2.9 2.9 53.5 - 17.5 10.8 9.2 8.2 6.3 5.4 17.5 16.6 14.6 1/C2 7.8 7.5 6.3 11.0 30.6 26.3 25_0 19.3 19.6 17.1 3/4" - 1 " 4.5 27.9 23.3 22.1 14.0 14.2 14.6 1/2" - 3/4" 5.0 10.4 12.9 17.6 18.3 18.3 0 " - 1/2" 8.5 8.8 14.1 29.6 31.2 3j.4 Average size..in. 2.50 1.87 1.62 1.35 1.19 1.02 0.96 0.89 Size stability..cg 75 • 84 74 94 88 TABLE III. Gr:..ndabilii,y 3 " - 4 " 2 " - 3 " 100.0 le - 2 1 " - le Screen size of coal tested •0 " - 4. " 0 " - 3/4" 0 " - 1/8" Hardgrove index 65 ' ' 72 80 +See Appendix o" - 4" 69.2 4.9 _1_ 7.2 1.1 1.3 16.3 MYLES SLOPE .TABLE IV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Mois- Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow ture Kih---77-6Iii=eixè-a---STII7---nio- deform-ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- (as tile carbon phur rific ation perature rature range terval val rec'd) matter value • Btu/lb. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. 34.4 45.1 9.5 1850 1920 1950 loo 70 30 34.2 49.3 8. 0 1880 1950 1970 90 70 20 34.9 48.4 7.5 1900 1960 1990 90 6o 30 34.2 48.5 7.7 1860 1960 2000 100 loo 40 34.6 49.4 7.2 1860 193 0 1960 loo 70 30 34.9 49.1 7.4 1800 1900 1950 150 loo 50 35.4 48/8 7.2 , 1800 1890 1940 140 90 50 34.3 46.7 7.8 1835 1920 1960 125 85 40 33.4 43.7 7.4 1900 1960 1990 90 60 30 m_ 33.8 6.8 1880 1960 2050 170 80 go . -48.6-77 12,495 liWo -1870 -IDIU- 9U----50 ---4b--- 35.5 48.2 7.2 12,7 00 183 0 1900 1940 loo '70 40 34.7 48.4 7.6 12,495 1850 1950 2000 150 100 50 34.1 49.1 7.8 12,575 1850 1940 1960 110 90 20 33.7 46.7 7.1 12,140 1850 1940 2000 150 90 60 34.7 47.5 7.0 12,425 1850 1900 1940 90 5 0 40 2.7 41.0 7.1 10,91 1860 1960 1990 130 loo 3 0 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen Ash Screen sizes Plus 4 " 1.0 20.5 2 " - 4 " 0.9 16.5 - 2 " 0.9 16.7 1 " - le 1.0 17.3 3/4" - 1 " 0.9 16.0 1/2" - 3/4" 1.0 16.o 1/4" - 1/2" 1.0 15.8 1/8" - 1/4" 1.1 19.0 No. 48 - 1/8" 1.1 22.9 o " - No. 48 2.1 34.9 Mine run 1.1 1b.9 O " - 4 " 0 .9 16.3 1/8 " - 4 " 1.0 16.9 3/4 " - 4 " 1.0 16.8 o " - 3/4 " 1.1 19.6 o " - 1.1 17.8 Q " - 1/8 " 1.4 26:3 - • MYLES SLOPE TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain 34. 5 32.8 36.7 21.7 Organic sulphur of % coal sulphJr . Sulphate Screen sulphur sulphur sizes % of % of % of - coal coal sulphur 0" 4" 7.18 0.17 1/8" - 4" 7.50 0,20 0" - 14" 6.95 0.21 0" -1/8" 6.95 0057 Pyritic sulphur % of e of coal sulphur 4.53 63.1 2.48 4.84 64.5- 2.46 4.19 60.3 -2.55 4.87 70.1 1.51 Fusa in, % of pure coal 4.36 3.84 5.02 6.96 2.4 "2. 7 3.0 8.2 , TABLE-VII:. Chem -I .-cal. Analyses . of Ash:/. ',elan sizes S102 .Are3 ...Fe203 cao . • Na20- 1Ç20 TiO2 _ P205 S0 0" - 4" 31.3 24.2 32.3 5.6 0.4 1.0 1.6 • 0.9 0.6 4 )'0.4 'Analysis made in chemical aboratory, Diirtsion. of Metallic Minerals, under the direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. 1-1 ordinate 70.9 59./ 45.5 24.0 10.7 4.5 1.35 1.'40 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 MYLES SLOPE • TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on li" Slack - Ash and Sulp`lur Specific Cumulative +.10 specific gretvity gravity_ Weight Ash Sul- F oats Sin s distribution . n-Thiii-FI-5-ifi phur Weight Ash Sulphur Weight Ash Sulphur Gravity Calculated 1.30 19.1 4.0 3.3 19.1 4.0 3.3 100.0 17.2 7.1 1.30 1.40 32.3 6.9 5.3 51.4 7.1 4.6 80.9 20.3 6.0 1.40 1.50 20.6 16.2 7.4 72.0 9.6 5.4 48.6 27.8 9,8 1.50 1.60 10.0 23.5 8.1 82.0 11.3 5.7 28.0 36.5 11.6 1.60 18.0 44.3 13.4 100.0 17.2 7.1 18.0 43.7 13.5 CurveNo. 4 2 12,4 1 1 3 3 3 eABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash on Float and Sink Portions of le Slack (Dry Basis) Specific Vola- gravity Ash tile Fixed Sinks Floats matter carbon % Initial S-et- FluTd Melt Soften- Pri-n-i Coking Sul- deform- ening tempe- ing tng inter- -propertie s ,. phur ation point rature range terval val % ° F. ° F. °F. F. 'F. F. 1.30 4.0 42.6 53.4 Good 3.3 1840 1940 1990 150 100 50 1.30 1.40 8.9 38.6 52.5 Good 5.3 1360 1950 1990 130 90 40 1.40 1.50 16.4 34.4 49.2 Good 7 .5 1830 1900 1940 110 70 40 1.50 1.60 23.7 29.5 46.8 Fair 8.1 1650 1940 1990. 140 90 50 1.60 44.9 24.2 30.9 Poor 13.5 1860 1950 1990 130 90 40 10 20 30 pi ri z 40 50 o ' 60 (f) 79 80 PO ii • I NMI OM 111111M __lu__ IV u 11 111161169111 IMF 111111111111 ratt Mari: .11 [II rio 20 30 40 10 50 60% ASH 1.5 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure '33 - Washability Curves for Myles Slope, George H. Myles and Company. 41.2.-4 inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float) . Curve 2 - Actual ah p. rcantage. Curve 3 - Cumulative elate-ash percentage (sink) . Curve 4 - Specific gravity.- Curve 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution. Cumulative 1.7=8. Sinks Weiet Ash WeIght Ash 15.6 15.8 18.1 24.9 34.1 Specific gravity Weight Sinks FLoats . 1.30 1.4 1.3 0 1.4 0 25.6 1.4 0 1.5 0 48. 0 1.50 1.6o 17.6 1.6o 7.4 Ash 4.7 1.4 4.7 .100.0 9.2 27.0 9.0 98.6 14.5 75. 0 12.5 73.0 21.1 92.6 14.1 25.0 34.1 100.0 15.6 7.4 +.10 speciftc gravit distribution Gravity Cllculated Drdinate 1.45 75.8 . 1.55 39.5 1.65 14.7 3 2 1,2,4 1 3 Curve N MYLES SLOPE TABLE IXA. Float and Sink Data on le-4" Lumps - Ash MYLES SLOPE TABU X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal, Clean Coal and Refuse ,1••••■11.1.1•11..•••■■■■••■•■••■• ,...■•■•••■•••■• ■•■•■••■•■■• Weign'.. % 100.0 Proximate analysis (dry basis)-- Ash % 17.8 12.6 Volatil) matter % 34.7 36.6 Fixed carbon % 47.5 50.8 Sulphur % 7.0 6.2 Calorific value .........B.t.u./l b. 12,425 13,330 ; Fusion point of ash 'F. 1900 1880 Melting range of ash °F. 90 80 Coking properties • Good Good Fusain in pure coal g5...LPL... 4.16 ._ 8.94 Sulphur Forms (A.R.)* Total sulphur of coal % 6.95 6.19 15.37 Sulphate sulphur of coal % 0.21 0.16 0.48 Pyritic sulphur of coal ' .% 4.59 3,62 12.11 Organic sulphur of coal .% 2.55 2.41 2.78 TABLE XI. Screen and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From le Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Sizes After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 Raw Clean coal Refuse coal Floats 1.60 Sinks _1.60 82.0 18.8 43.0 25.2 31.8 15.5 • • • • 1900 150 Poor Screen Weight Cumulative Ash Sul- F.P.A. sizes weight phur 3/4" - l rr 33.9 33.9 16.8 7.5 1950 1/8" -3/4" 51.2 85.1 '16.6 7.4 1900 o " -118" 14.9 loo.o 26.3 7.1 1960 *A.R. - As received basis Floats Sinks Weight Ash Sul. F.P.A. Weight Ash Sul. P.P.A. 'F. 82.6 12.9 6.0 1900 17.4 42.4 17.1 1940 84.8 11.0 5.9 187 0 15.2 41.7 15.3 1950 68.4 11.6 5.0 1920 31.6 54.5 12.2 1900 • TABLE XII. Physical Properties of—By-product Coke As Indicated Belhe 'Swelling Index' Test - i4 inch slack As received After washin Volatile matter at 600 ° C. (Dry basis)% 28.6 31.9 Swelling index . 350 648 Section.--Coke Classification Chart Border of VI & VII V Specific volatile index 176.2 .176.4 Section--Coal Classificatiion Chart _ F- Orthobituminous Ash per cent in coal (dry basis) % 17.8 12.6 Physical Properties of By-product Coke Sixe on wharf (% on 3" screen 'Breezel-1/2" Shatter test ,Index: on.2" screen, , 35.0 Good Steel grey, Irregular Triangular fingery Friable Med. to large amount, steppy Med. to large amount medium Small to medium amount None 40.0 5.0 Breeze: -1/2': . 5.0 e% Abrasion test /Index: on le screen 70.0 `Dust: -1/16" 5.0 Density iApp. specific gravity 0.95 Lbs. per cubic foot 28.0 Transverse shrinkage Appearance of natural sunface Shape Strength Cross fracture 50.0 2.0 50.0 4.0 85.0 3.0 0.90 26.0 Longitudinal fracture Cell structure Sponge. Pebbly seam . Remarks Washing improves the coking properties materially. Caking Properties Caking index bi - Gray±_s me#hod Run-of-mine sample 59 CHEPMAN AREA ' MAIN SEAM LONG CREEK STRIP MINE, GEO. H. MYLES & CO. CHIPMAN, NEW BRUSNWICK •, TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity Screen analyses Bulk Apparent ---- • . As received As mlnéa----- density Screen sizes* -7 % ,o, vo % --- specific - Ash By Cumu- By Cumu- 1L. per - weight lative wàight lative cu. ft. gravity s lus 4" 8.0 8.0.; 18.7 18.7 44.8 1.41 16,6 2" . - 4" 17.1 ',J5.1 22.3 4 L . o 46.3 1.41 14..6 ir - 2" 5.9 31.0 -7.o 48.0 43.3 1.39 12.9 1" - l4" 19.4 50.4 10.3 58.3 42.5 1.38 13.9 - 1" ii.; 61.4 6. 0 64.3 43.o 1.39 15.5 1/2" - 3/4" 13.3 74.7 9.3 , 73.6 43.3 1.38 1/4" -1/2" 11.1 • 85.8 12.4 86.0 43.3 1.38 1/8" - 1/4" 5.8 91.6 6.4 92.4 43. 0 1.37 17.9 No 48 - 1/8" 6.2 97.8. . ,5'.6, - 98.0. (_, , , 20.2- 0" - No.48 2.2 100.0 2.0 100.0 (uD.) 1 . 3° 25.6' Mine run ' 100.0 . 10J.0 62-.5'- lb. o" - 4" 92. 0 . . . 81.3 55,5 • 16.1 1/8" - 4" 83.6- • • -73.7 . 50.5 14.8 3/4" - 4" 53.4: . * 45.6 45.8 . 14..4 0'i - 3/4" ' 38.6 . : 35.7 . 53.3 18.4 o" - li" 69. 0 : 52.0 • 53.8 *16.3 o" - 1/8" 8.4 7.6_ 50.5 1.38 210 As mined ----As redgi -ved ...1n. 2.08 1.49 Sizeîtability during handlin from ' mine to Ottawa..... - - 71.4 * In this at-ia- subsequent tables, a n screes and Iarger are round-hole srlieens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. Average size of run-of-mine coal. zes xe LONG CREEK STRIP MINE TABLE II. Size Stability Screen analySeS'bèfcre and after drop-shatter test nee sizes Screen , 2 sizes Before Krter, Before After After test 2 drops test 2-drops 4 drops % 8.6 ' 5 . 0 4.6 100.0 42.5 23.4 18.3 12.9 21.0 11.0 10.0 10.4 ' 13.5 36.3 28.3 26.7 6.5 20.7 19.6 18.3 9. 1.1.7 10-5 9.6 15.4 nch Bef ore Aft- After - tect 2 drops 4 drops ; 10.0 9.6 6.2 8.6 7.1 7.1 6.4 6.3 5.4 21.1 10.8 12.1 12.0 8.7 9.2 1L5 15.0 14.2 27.4 42.5 45.8 inch - 3/4 4 inch 3 " - 4 H 2 " - 3 " - 2 " 1 " 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 0 " - 1/2" % Average size..i . 2.50 1.72 1.71 1.42 1.27 1.20 1.02 0.91 Size •stability. 69 83 74 85 76 TALLE III. Grindability + • Scrpén size: of Hardgrove index coal tested. ' Old . . ge" On 0" « +bee - 4 " 62 - 3/4" • 69 • - 1/8" 75 npendix ! I tf f ft ft Soften- ing tem- perature Fluid Me t -tempe- ing rature rango Soften- Flow ing Ln- inter- terval val Carbon Hydrogen 68.7 4.7 Sulphur 6.7 Nitrogen Oxyrn Ash 0 .9 2.9 16.1 eaMple o" - 4" TABLE IV. LONG CREEK STRIP MINE Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Mois- Dry basis ture Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- (as tile carbon phur reed) matter Initial Calo- deform- rific ation value % Btu/lb. 5.6 7.0 5.9 6.4 6.6 7.0 7,3 8.4 8.4 9.7 6.7 12,570 6.7 12,620 6.8 12,880 6.1 12,930 7.6 12,255 7.1 12,570 8.5 11 645 1870 Screen sizes Plus 4" 2" - 4" - 2" 1" - li" 3/4" - 1" 1/2" - 3/4 - 1/2 1/8" - 1/4 No. 48 - 1/8 O" - No. 48 Mine run o" - 4 1/8" - 4 3/4" - 4" O" - 3/4" O" - o" ,- 1/8" 1.1 16.0 32.7 1.0 14.6 33.8 1.0 12.9 34. 2 0.9 13.9 33.8 0.9 15.5 33.6 1.0 15.4 33.2 1.0 15.4 34.1 0.9 17.9 31.9 1.0 20.2 30.4 1.6 25.6 28.4 1.2 16.2 32.5 1.0 16.2 32.9 1.0 14.8 338 1.0 14.4 33.6 1.3 18.4 31.7 1.3 16.3 32.9 1.4 21.0 29.9 51.3 51.6 52 .9 52.3 50.9 51.4 50.5 50.2 49.4 46.0 5175 51.0 51.4 52.0 49.9 50.8 49.1 °F. °F. °F. °F. °F. 1880 1930 2015 135 50 85 1880 1930 2000 120. 50 - 70 1860 1920 2010 150 CO 90 1870 1920 1990 120 50 70 .1850 1910 2000 150 60 90 1840 1910 1975 135 70 65 1920 2010 2070 150 90 60 1900 2030 2090 190 130 . 6o 1950 2040 2100 150 90 6o 196o 2060 2110 150 100 50 1880 1960 2020 140 ---80 s 60 1860 .1920 2000 140 60 80 188o 1950 2020 140 70 70 1910 1960 2030 12C 50- 70 1940 2030 2075 135 90 45 . 1880 1980 2030 150 100 - 50 .870 2000 2050 1.80135 50 .TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Baais) \.)4 o" - 4" 6.62 1/8"- 4" 6.75 o" - 1*" 7.03 o" -1/8 0.17 0.15 0.20 0.21 63.3 64.7 62.5 66.7 CREL 17-;Ir.? MINE TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain Total* Sulphate Screen sephur _sulphur sizes F5Y-- of % of coal coal §mlphur 2.6 • 2.2 2.8 2.5 Pyritic sulphur p 0 %--Df coal sulphur 4. 14 4.27 4.55 5.60 Organic sulEpur of -3 of coal su1phux. 2.31 2.33 2.28 2.59 FuPain -% of pure coal 4.32.. 4:60 - 5.46 T.55 34.5' 32.5 30.8 TABLE VII.: Chemical:Analyses of . Ash ._ , . „ . . . ± • • . " . . . • , - • • • - . _ . :•-. Screen sises f • 3102 Al2.0, Fe203, CaO* MgO. Neà0.. K20 110,2, P205, ebià. 22ov.al •• • 'o" - 4" • _bL6. .4:1. 0,4 *, Nil _1.5. ,9_1(22à__ / Analysis made inrchemical laboratory, Divisiàn of Métallic Minerals, under tbx: direction of J.A. FOURNIER, Chief Chemist. 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 14.6 4.1 3.2 43.8 8.6 5.3 16.5 15.8 6.8 9.9 22.9 7.7 15.2 44.7 11.5 2 5 Curve No. 4 1.2.4. 1 1. TABLE VIII. LONG CREEK STRIP MINE Float and Sink Data on le Slack and Sulphur Cumulative Sinks Weight Ash Sulphur jg 14.6 4.1 3.2 100.0 16.0 6.4 58.4 7.5 4.8 85.4 18.1 7.0 74.9 9.3 5.2 41.6 28.0 8.7 84.8 10.9 5.5 25.1 36.1 10.0 100.0 16.0 6.4 15.2 44.7 11.5 +.10 specific gravity distribution àravity Calculated ordinate 1.35 75.5 1.40 66.3 1.45 42.1 1.55 19.3 1.65 9.4 1.75 4.6 Specific gravity Weight Ash Sul- Sinks Floats Weight Ash Sulphur TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash On Float and Sink Portions ol; le Slack (Dry Basis) Specific gravity 3inks Floats 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 Vola- , Ash tile Fixed • Coking - mattee.carbon properties % .% • • €'6 4.1 40.5 55.4 8.7 36.8 54.5 16.0 31.8 52.2 23.2 27.9 48.9 45.2 21.0 33.8 Initial bort, Fluid MeTE:--giare17.---Mii--- dèform- ehing-teMpe- ing ing in- inter- phur ation point rature range terval val 1_ ° F. °F. °F. °F. . °F. °F. 3:2 1850 1950 2000 150 100 _ 50 .5;4 - 1940 ---2090 2180 150 90 .6.8 1940- - 2040 :2140 '.200 100H 100 .7.8 1840' 1960-2070 230 . 120 110. 11:7 1875 2000 2190 315 • 125.: , 190 Good Good Fair Fair Poor 10 20 30 Sc) 70 80 P E R C E N TA G E W E IG H T - F LO A T S - 90 80 5 8 1.7 16 4 1.8 14 10 1.5 10 1.9 30 17 20 1.8 g Mg. ■•■•• 1_ 40 50 /.6 1•5 60% ASH 2 1• 1 SPECIFIC GRAVITY / •9 70 rn 60 50 rri 40 (r) 30 20 /0 R5 14% SULPHUR Figure 34 - Washability Curves for Myles Long Creek Strip Mine. 4 inch slack. Curve Curve Curve Curve Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash ,or eulphur percentage (float). 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). 4 - Specific gravity. 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution.- 20 30 1.8 1•7 40 50 60% ASH 1.6 1•5 i4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY /0 1.9 30 -o ri z 40 ri 50 4, 60 o el 70 80 90 2 3 4 1 1\11i Figure 35 - Washability Curves for Myles Long Creek Strip Mine. 11-4 inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 t .10 specific gravity distribution. LONG CREEK STRIP MINE TABLE IXA. Float and Sink Data on le - 4" Lump - Ash Cumulative +.10 specific gravity i .%pecific Weight Ash Fl.oats Sinks • distribution “.avity Weight Asb Weight Ash Gravit-i Calculated SiT'Lks Floats jg cg % ordinate 1.3 0 4.6 8.5 4.6 8.5 100.0 13.4 1.4o 84.7 1.3o 1.4o 4o.7 8.9 45.3 8.9 95.4 13.6 1.45 72.8 1.4o 1.5o 44. 0 14.8 89.3 11.8 54.7 17.1 1.55 23.9 . 1.0 1.60 8.6 24.9 97.9 12.9 10.7 26.7 1.65 4.5 1 60 2.1 34.2 100.0 13.4 2.1 34.2 1.75 1.8 Cu2ve No. 4 2 1,2,4 1 • 3 3 5 Clean coal Floats 1.60 80.4 Refuse Sinks 7.60 19.6 43-9 21.3 34.8 14.o 1930 150 Poor 9-34 11.8 34.7 53.5 6.o 13,340 1980 170 Good 4.12 LONG CREEK STRIP MINE TABLE X. Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal, Clean Coal and Refuse Raw • coal Weight % 100.0 Proximate analysis (dry basis)-- Ash % 16.3 Volatile matter % 32.9 Fixed carbon % 50.8 Sulphur % 7.1 Calorific value B.t.u./lb.. 12,570 Fusion point of ash °F 1980 Melting range of ash °F 150 Coking properties Good Fusain in pure coal % 5.46 Sulphur Forms 1A--.-R7j* Total Sulphate Pyritic Organic 13.84 - o.4o 10.47 2.97 5.96 0.14 3.37 2.45 of coal % 7.03 of coal % 0.20 of coal % 4.55 -.of coal % 2.28 TABLE XI. Screen and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From le Slack, and Analyses bf the Clean Coal and Refuse of These Sizes After _Washing at a Selected Gramity of 1.60 Weight Cumulative Ash Sul- F.P.A. Floats weiet phur Weignt , Ash Sul- F.P.A. % °F. % % % °F. - li" 44.o 44.o 14.5 6.5 1915 93.5 10.7 5.5 2015 1/8"- 3/4" 43.8 87.8 15.9 7.4 1970 87.3 10.3 5.9 2000 0" - 1/8" 12.2 100.0 21.0 8.5 2000 69.2 10.0 5.2 2030 Sinks Weight Asn eu1. F.P.A. fi °F. 6.5 42.6 18.3 2000 16.7 49.3 14.6 1920 30.7 47./ 14:8 2 050 Screen sizes * A.R. - As received basis • Good . ' Good Stéél grey, Irregualr Triangulab, fingery Very fragile «-Fragile Med. to large amount steppy • Large amt. Med. amt. Med. to large Medium Med. amt. Small to med. amt. None None 50.0 5.0 45,0 5.0 75.0 4.0 0.95 26.0 50.0 3.0 55.0 4.0 85.0 3.0 0.95 26.0 138. LONG CREEK STEIP MINE - .TABLE XII. Physical Propertiea of By-product Cokes As Indicated.By.The 'Swelling Index' Test Volatile matter at 600 ° C.(Dry . Basis)% Nelling index Section--Coke Classification Chart Specific volatile index . Section—Coal Classification Chart Ash per cent in coal (dry basis) , • As received After vasiiin 28.7 . 30.3 314 • 561 VI near . 'VII • V near VII 175.0 173.2 E-Parabituminous 16.3 11.8 ftlysical • roperties of Coke: Size : on wharf f% on 3" screen 'Breez6:%-1/2" Shatter test rIndex:% on 2" sCrégn Breeze:% ,q/2" AbraSioa:test i Index: on l screen (Dut :%-l/16" Density iApp. specific Gratity 1.,bs- per cubic foot - Transverse Jhrinkage Appearance of naturn surface Shape . Strength - • - Cross fraciele • Longitudinal. fracture - - Cell: structure Sponge • Pebb/y seam , Remarks • , Although washing results in a , . - . great improvement in the co-' . . ' . •. king properties of this 'coal, . • itis still unduitable, when • . . used alone, for the production • ' of by-product coke of satis- • • factory quality. . . Caking Proberties Caking Index by Gray's me#hod Run-of-mine sample • 51 CHIPMAN AREA MAIN SEAM ..("SOFT" OR "CROP" COAL) BURPEE STÉIP MINE, GEO. H. MYLES & CO., CHIPMAN,.NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen ApalyseS,'Bilk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity Screen analyses Bulk Apparent - As received density % % --- specific Ash By Cumu- lb; per. Weight lative Cu. ft. gravity Screen sizes+ 13-" - 2" 1" - 3/4" - 1" 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" - 1/4" No. 48 - 1/8" 0" - No. 48 Mine run 0" - 3/4" 0" - li" 0" - 1/8" 1.0 1.0 3.9 4.9 5.6 10.5 30.0 9.1 19.6 30.5 14.5 34.1 31.0 19.7 53.8 31.3 35.7 89.5 10.5 100.0 i37.8 100.0 40.3 89.5 38.3 99.0 39.5 46.2 37,8 10.4 8.3 1.31 7.2 • 1.31 6.6 1.29 6.1 1.27 6.3 1.28 5.7 13.£ 1.29 -6.6- • • • • '• • • • •1.28 7.2 - Ai recetvel Average size of nun- of 7mine coal ' ' in. 0.31 - + In this and subsequent tables, all screens 1/b" and larger are round-hole screens' No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. . . TABLE III.* Grindability+ Screen size bf coal tested Mine run 0" - 1/8" + See Appendix Hardgrove index Old 85 93 * Table II does not appear because this coal was too small and too saft.for ability tests to be conducted or of any significance. . Screen . sizes Mine run 0" E22.22 6.6 a0 MgO ••••••••••■• 2.5 0 .6 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.4 503 Ç45 • «59.7 a2 otal 205 creen "sizes Mine run 69.8 15. 102 BURFpih; --SIWIP MINE ("SOFT" COAL) TABLE IV. Proximate Analyse -s, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Screen sizes 1 " - li" _ 1.8 8.3 55. -2 -5-6.5 2.3 2300 2550 27-60 4-00 250 3/4" - 1 " 1.9 7.2 35.1 57.7 2.3 2180 2430 2550 370 250 1/2" - 3/4" 2.1 6.6 35.1 58.3 2.3 2270 2470 2670 400 200 1/4" - 1/2" 2.2 6.1 34.8 59.1 2.2 2240 2490 2700 460 250 1/8" - 1/4" 2.3 6.3 34.6 59.1 2.3 2230 2370 2530 300 140 No. 48 - 1/8" 1.7 5.7 35.4 58.9 2.6 2100 2300 2570 470 200 270 o " - No. 48 2.1 10.6 30.8 58.6 2.8 2100 2270 p40 440 170 270 Mine run 3.1 6.6 34.4 59.b 2.5 13,740 2270 2430 610 3475----110 113-d o " - 1/8" 2.6 7.2 33.9 58.9 2.7 13,560 2050 2225 2460 410 175 225__ TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) - 2." Mois- Dry Basis Initial Soften- Flxid Melt- Soften- Flow ture Ash VoIa- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform- ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- (as tile carbon phur rific ation perature rature range terval val recid) matter value % % % Btu/ib. °F. °F. °F. °F; °F. 1.6 10.4 34.5 55.1 2.3 2420 2600 2750 330 180 ' • ° F. •150 150 120 200 210 160 Sample Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur - % Mine run 77.7 5. 0 2.5 Nitrogen dxygen Ash 1.0 7.2 6.6 TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain ' Sulphae sulphur . sulphur % of % of % of coal coal sulphur . 2.41 . 0.13 2.61 . 0.17 6.5 Peltib sul hur of of coal sul hur 0.29 0.56 21.5 Organic Fusain sulphur % of % 6f- pure coal sul hur coal 1.99 8Th 4.62 1.88 72.0 6.74 TABLE VII. Chemical Analyses of Ash / Analysis made in chemical. laboratory, Division of. Metallic Minerals, under the direction of - J.A. Fournier, Chief ChemiSt' BURPEE STRIP MINE ("SOFT n COAL) TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on li" Slack - Ash and Bulphur Specific . _Weight s inks Floatg fi Cumulative • . + • 10 specific gravity .Ash.Sul- . Floats Sinks • distribution phur Weight Ash Sulphur Weight Ash Sulphur UT,avity Calculated ordinate 1.30 82.6 2.7 1.30 1.40 11.6 12.6 1.40 1.50 2.4 22.2 1.50 1.60 1.0 29.9 1.60 2.4 59.7 2.4 82.6 2.7 2.4 2.1 94.2 3.9 2.4 1.9 96.6 4.4 2.4 2.8 97.6 4.6 2.4 4.9 100.0 6. 0 2.4 100.0 6.o 2.4 17.4 21.4 2.5 5.8 39.0 3.3 3.4 50.9 4.3 2.4 59.7 4.9 1.33 1.40 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 32.3 14.1 8.3 2.0 0.8 0.5 Curve No. 4 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 3 3 3 5 5 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility.of Ash On Float and Sink Portions 6f '1f" Slack (Dry Basis) ' Specific Vola- gravity Ash tile Fixed Coking 31EFF-F1Jai matter carbon properties Initial Soft- Sul- defOrm- ening phur àtion poInt % °F. F. Fluid Melt- dorten- Flow tempe- ins . ing in- inter- rature raneE. tervai val F. 1.30 2.8 36.7 60.5 .Good 2.4 2100 2330 2430 330 23!, 100 1:50 1.40 12.8 29.8 57.4 Poor 2.1 2450 2580 2790 340 ' 130 210 1.40 1.50 22.5 25.3 52.2 • Poor 2.0 2430 2680. 2780 , 350 250 100 1.50 1.60 30.4 24.3 45.3 .Poor 2.8 2330 2560 2670 340 230 110 1.60 6Q.5 24.1 15.4 Non-caking 5.0 2540 2580 2700 16o 4o 120 NOTE - Tables X and XI are not included as study of various sizes at selected gravities was - not conducted. e--8 5 3 1 1 1 - -t 1 '4 1 -1-1-_ PO S IV C 1 J -1 1- 10 I3 M 3 O V IN 3 3 in d 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10 20 30 40 /.9 1-8 1.7 /.6 50 60% ASH 1.5 1-4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 36 - Washability Curves for Burpee Strip Mine. Mixed Run- of-mine. Ole Curve 1 Curve 2 Cuve S Curve 4 Curve 5 Cumulative cOal-ash percentage (float). Actuaranh percentage.' Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Specific gravity. * .10 specific gravity distribution. 142. TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-product Cokes As Indicated By The 'Swelling Index' Test Run of Mine Coal As received Volatile matter at 6oec. (dry basis Swelling index Section--Coke Classification Chart • Specific Volatile index Section--Coal Classification Chart • Ash per cent in cos]. ( dry basis) . — » .. : • Physical Properties of Coke-- . ,... . 'Pebbly seam . Completely Pebbly . • - ReMarks. , This coal will result . • . - .only in the formation- . .. . . . . ' • of a char, or a very - loosely bcund extreme- • • . - _1,7 pebbly coke. ... . Caking Properties • • • • -, Caking index by Gray's method Run- of.-mine sample 26 . . 28.1 -176 xIII . 155.7 C-Agglomerating Sub- Bituminous 6Q6 143. CHIPMAN AREA : . MAIN SEAM -I (NORMAL OR "HARD" AND "SàFT" OR CROP COA/) BRODER/CK STRIP MINE, PENNYLN.COAL CO.LTD. ON COAL CREEK, ‘ S OF CHIPMAN, NEW BRUNSWICK TABLE I. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity (Normal or "Hard" Coal) ••■■■•••■■•■■•■■■•■■•••••••■■•■■••••• Screen sizes+ •••■ •■•••./■••■110./.111/ege•■••••■•.•••■■•••■•■••■•■■•■■••■••••• 7 -ffEreen ana yses • BuIE----- As received density --% lb. - per cu. ft. 71pparent . Ash specific gàvity_ By Cumu- • 1_2_,Teight lative 20.8 1.046 21.5 1.43 18.1 1.45 17.2 1.47 19.3 91.8 42.3 1.47 24.0 . 100.0 97.6 i54.5 34.2 28.1 100.0 49.8 O " - 4 " 97.5 52.8 20.1 1/8" - 4 " 89.3 51.0 18.6 3/4" - 4 " 59.7 . 48.5 19.3 0 " - 3/4" 37.8 55.5 21.7 O " - le 70.4 53.5 '' 20.4 wa..... tam....•••••• ••• ■•••■•••••••■•••••■■••••••■■ •■••••■■•nem Immagn■ego..... 8 - 2 5.11...5-_ 28 . 9 As received , Average size of run-of-mine coal in. 1.24 Plus 4 " 2 " - 4 " - 2 " 1 " - le 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" - 1/4" 6.1 No. 48 - 1/8" 5.8 O " No. 48 2.4 2.5 2.5 15.5 18.0 11.6 19.1 13.5 12.3 11.2 29.6 48.7 62.2 74.5 85.7 * 29.6 44.3 1.47 17.3 . 48.7 44.5 1.47 18.7 44.3 44.5 44.0 44.5 44.8 Mine run TABLE IA. Screen Analyses, Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Gravity (Crop or "Soft" Coal) Screen sizes+ Screen analyses As received By Cumu- Weight. làtiVe Bulk Apparent density Ash lb. per cu. ft. Eravity_ _g_ 2 " - 3 " 0.9 0.9 - 2 " 2. 9 3 . 8 1 " - li" 7.6 11.4 3/4" - 1 " 8.4 19,8 1/2" - 3/4" 10.7 30.5 1/4" - 1/2" 17.6 118.1 1/8" - 1/4" 16.1 64.2 48 - 1/8" 25.2 89.4 o " - No. 48 10.6 100.0 loo.U------- 57F-----17 Mine run M— 13.o 1/8 " - 3 " o " - 3/4" o " : 1/8" As. received erage size of run- of -mine coal in. o/44 In this and stibsequiinE tables, all screens l7'8. and are rouna:-- hole . No. 48 is-Tyler 48 -mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. 64.2 43.5 1.29 80.2 47.5 1.28 • 48 . 0 1.26 • BRODERICK STRIP MINE TABLE II. .Size Stability (NORMAL OR "HARD" COAL) Screen sizes Screen analysesloefore and after drop-shatter test Single sizes Mixed s1-71- ‹ 2 - 3 inch 3/4 - 4 inEE C - Inch Before After Eraoirna'r ert-----;-aTér- Fe-fore Tetér Uter test 2 drops test 2 drops 4 drops test 2 d:ops 4 drops % 3" _ kn 6.2 2" - 3" 100.0 52.0 19.8 left _ 2" 13.0 19.4 1 , 1 - ly, 14.0 32.0 3/4”- 1” 6.0 22.6 1/211 _ 3/4" 6.0 0" - 1/2" 9.0 Average size..in. 2.50 1.82 1.65 Size Stability..% 4.6 2.5 3.8 3.2 1.7 13.4 10.5 12.1 8.5 9.6 16.0 13.1 11.9 10.4 8.7 28.2 25.6 19.6 lb.:- 18.8 19.3 20.2 13.8 ; 154' : 13.3 10.1 13.0 12.6 14..6 15.4 8.4 15.1 26.2 29,.1 32.5 1.38 1.20 1 .15 1.04 84 73 90 0.98 TABLE III.' Grindabiilty4 'SQreen size of coal tested 0" - 4" 0" - 3/4" 0" - 1/8" • "Soft" coal + See Appendix Hardgrove index Old • 67 70 88 89 Screen sizes Mois- Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow ture Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- . deform• ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter- (as tile carbon phur rific ation perature rature range terval val rec'd) matter value % % % • % % Btu/lb. °F. ° F. °F. ° F. °F. °F. 1.4 20.8 31.5 47.7 9.1 1.4 21.5 31.9 46.6 9.7 1.3 17.3 33.4 49.3 1.2 18.7 32.9 48.4 1.4 18.1 33.4 48.5 1.3 17.2 34.0 48.8 1.6 19.3 32.4 48;3 1.7 24-0 30.3 45.7 1.4 28.1 28.2 43.7 :5.3 34.2 26.4 39.4 4777 1.5 20.1 32.6 47.3 1.4 18.6 33.1 48.3 1.3 19.3 33.0 47.7 2.0 21.7 31.6 46.7 1.7 20.4 32.3 47.3 ';.1 28.9 29.1 42.0 8.8 10.0 10.1 9.3 10.8 13.4 14. 16.o . 9.9 11.765 9.9 21,950 9.4 11,855 11.8 11,365 10.8 11,57 15.1 9,22 Plus 4 "- 2 " - 4 " - 2 " 1 " - 1-1" 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" - 1/4" No. 48 - 1/8" o " - No.48 MIri O " - 4 " 1/8" - 4 " 3/4" - 4" O " - 3/4" o " - o " - 1/8" 1890 1990 2010 120 100 20 1880 1980 2010 130 100 30 1880 1980 2020 140 loo 40 1880 1980 2020 140 100 40 1880 1990 2030 150 110 40 1890 2030 2060 170 140 30 1900 2040 2 06 0 160 140 20 , 1900 • 2030 2050 150 130 20 1900 2040 2070 170 140 30 lc-00 2040 '2065 165 140 25 2-000 n1.50 100 in 5 0 1880 1980 2000 120 100 20 1880 2000 2050 170 120 50 1900 1980 2000 100 80 20 1890 2000 2040 150 110 40 1890 1980. 2010 . 120 90 30 1890 2030 2060 170 140 30 BRODERICK STRIP MINE TABLE TV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash (Normal or "Hard" Coall_ ("Soft" Coal) Mine run 2.6 13.0 :33.1 53.9 5.9 12,731 1900 2000 2040. 14 0 loo 40 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry basis) Sample Carbon jg "Hard"0" - 4" 63.7 "Soft" Mine run70.4 Hydrogen Sulphur 4.5 9.9 4.8 _5-9 Nitrogen Oxygen Ash 0.9 0.9 20.1 1.0 4.9 13.0 -e• ON. Total Screnn sul hur sizes of coal 0" - 4 9.73 1/8" - 4 " 9.81 o " - 14" 10.63 o " -1/8" 14.64 Screen sizes 0" - 4" f Analysis made J.A. Fournier BRODERICK STRIP MINE TABLE VI. Sulphur Forms and Fusain (Hard Coal) Sulphate Pyritic Organic Fusain sulphur sul hur sulphur --F-c-ir-- % of % of Fof of Fie----rEir- pure coal sulphur coal sulphur coal sulphur coal 0.40 4.1 6.4o 65.8 2.93 30.1 4.79 0.37 3.8 6.50 66.2 2.94 30.0 4.02 0.46 4.3 7.25 68.2 2.92 27.5 6.24 1.50 10.2 9.35 63.9 3.79 25.9 12.70 ("soft" Coal) Mine run 5.74 0.49 8. 5 2.92 50.9 2.33 40.6 4.97 TABLE VIl. Chemical Analyses of Ash / ("Hard" Coal) S 1 02 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 TiO2 P205 303 Total 27.3 26.8 "9.5 2. -8 0.2 -6.1 0.6 O.k 0 .8 • 1.9 100.4 In chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerals, under the direction of , Chief Chemist. I 17.5 9.4 18.4 9.8 23.8 11.9 32.1 15.1 38.5 17.8 3 3 1.40 72.2 1.45 59.0 1.55 27.4 • 1.65 12.4 1.75 5.7 5 5 BRODERICK STRIP MINE TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on lr Slack - Ash and Sulphur ("Hard" Coal +.10 specific gravity distribution Ash Sulphur Gravity Calculated ordinate Specific gravity Weight Ash Sul- Sinks Floats phur 1.30 6.9 4.9 3.5 1.30 1.40 32.7 8.5 5.9 1.40 1.50 29.6 15.2 8.6 1.50- 1.60 11.7 21.7 10.6 1.60 19.1 38.5,17.8 Curve No. 4 2 2 Cumulative Floats Sinks Mêîia"--TiE Sulphur Weigh-U-7 % 6.9 4.9 3.5 100.0 39.6 7.9 5.5 93.1 69.2 11.0 6.8 60.4 80 .9 12.6 7.4 3 0 .8 100.0 17.5 9.4 19.1 22.4 1 1 3 TABLE IX. Chemical Analysis and Fusibility of Ash:Ort Float and Sink Portions of li" 21ack - (Dry Basis), , Specific gravity Ash Sinls Floats Vola- tile Fixed matter carbon _ Initial Soft- Fluid Coking Sul- deform- ening tempe properties phur ation point rature . 1 • ° F. °F. °F. Melt- Soften- Flow ing ing in- inter- range terval val °F. °F. °F. Good Good Good Fair Poor 1.30 5. 0 40.1 54.9 1.30 1.40 8.6 38.2 53.2 1.40 1.5 0 15.4 34.1 50.5 1.50 1.60 22.1 30.1 47.8 1.60 39.3 25.2 3.6 1880 1990 2050 170 110 . 60 5.9 1880 2000 2090 210 120 9 0 8.7 1890 2000 2025 135 110 25 10.7 1910 2010 2050 140 100 4o 18.1 1910 2010 2050 140 10040 ,-à 03 Curve No. 4 2 1,2,4 1 3 3 5 TABLE IXA. Float and Sink Data on li" 4" Lump - Ash ("Hard" Coal) Specific Cumulative gravity Weight Ash Floats Sinks Sinks Floats Weight Ash Weight Ash ___e___ % _ rog % ----- -1:3-ô-- 0.0 .... .o ... 0. 75_, 1.30 1.40 35.0 9.3 35.0 9.3 100.0 20.5 1.40 1.50 16.4 14.8 51.4 11.1 65.0 26.6 1.50 1.60 21.6 22.8 73.0 14.5 48.4 30.6 1.60 27.0 36.7 100.0 20.5 27.0 36.7 Curve No. 4 2 1,2,4 1 3 3 +.10 specific gravity distributioa Gravity Cal-FM:if-a ordinate 1.40 51.4 1.45 38.8 1.55 42.0 1.65 37.7 5 TABLE IXB. Float and Sink Data on Mine Run - Ash ("Soft" Coal) Specific ,. Cumulative gravity, Weight Ash Floats Sinks Sinks lloata Wert Ash Weight Ash 1.30 36.5 3.6 36.5 3.6 100.0 11.8 1.30 1.40 38.3 7.8 74.5 5.7 63.5 16.4 1.40 1.50 10.1 17.2 84.6 7.1 25.5 29.3 1.50 1.60 6.1 25.2 90.7 8.3 15.4 37.3 1.60 9.3 45.2 100.0 11.8 9.3 45.2 +.10 specific grEsity distribution Gravity Calculated orlitate 1.35 85.0 1.40 50.6 1.45 27.4 1.55 12.1 1.65 5.5 1.75 2.6 - 10 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 1.9 1.8 1.7 /6 /.5 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.9 /5 21%SULPHUR /8 /4 1.7 h9 /2 /.6 .13 30 ri ri z4o e: ri - C3 :=4 60 g- cn 70 go UlLIRlURUTIlRI rn eo 40 - (I 30 Figure 37 - Washability Curves for Broderick Strip Mine, Pennlyn Coal Company.• 1i inch slack. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur peraentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. Cur e 3 - Cumulative elate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). Curvm 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± . 10 epecific gravity distribution. _0 ac rn C-) z 40 50 o -n 60 0 70 20 30 1 •8 1.7 40 50 607 ASH 1.6 15 1.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 38 - Washability Curves for Broderick Strip Mine, Pennlyn Coal Company. "Soft" Coal, mine run. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - ± .10 specific gravity distribution. -o rn rn z 40 rn 50 rn 4, 60 0 (0 7Q 80 90 111111111111.- 1111111111111111MM MUM WA MIMI« ma 111111113111111 11111111111111111WRIM Ibill11101111111•À 11111111111111111» 111111111.111/11 MR IBM« 111 111 10 20 30 40 50 60Z AH 1-9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1•5 1•4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 39 - Washability Curves for Broderick Strip Mine, Pennlyn Coal Company. inch lumps. Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slato-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - .10 specific gravity distribution. TABLE X. BRODERICK STRIP MINE Chemical Analyses and Fusain of Raw Coal, Clean Coal and Refuse ("Hard" Coal) •■••■••■•••••••• ■••■•■•■•• Weight Proximate analysis (dry basis)-- Ash Volatile matter Fixed carbon Sulphur Raw coal % 100.0 % 20.4 %• 32.3 % 47.2 % 10.8 Clean coal Floats 1.60 78.0 12.6 35.7 51.7 7.3 13,270 1960 140 Good Refuse Sinks 1.60 22.0 40.0 25.3 34.7 19.1, 160 Poor , Calorific value .. ..... ..B.T.U./lb. 11,575 Fusion point of ash °F. 1980 Melting range of ash °F. 120 Coking properties ..... ..... Fair 4 86 15.23 Fusain in_pure coal Sulphur forms 01.R.)--i - Total sulphur culphate sulphur Pyritic sulphur Organic sulphur 6.24 of ccal % 10.63 7.26 of coal % 0.46 0.26 of coal % 7.25 4.91 of coal % 2.92 2.09 18.85 0.85 13.60 4.40 TABLE XI. -Screen and Chemical Analyses of Sizes Prepared From li" Slack, and Analyses of the Clean Coal and Refuse of Thest àizes After Washing at a Selected Gravity of 1.60 - 3/4" - 1 " 46.3 46.3 18.5 10.0 1985 1/8" - 3/4" 42.0 88.3 19.4 10.7 2030 0" - 11.7 100.0 28.9 15.1 2030 *A.R. - A. receiveàbasis Screen sizes 78.6 13.0 7.7 2050 72.2 12.4 7.7 2020 46.6 12 0 7.5 2060 -- Weight Cumulative Ash Sul- F.P.A. Floats Sinks MUIUULVU oul- r.r.x. Floats weight .. phur Aérer-A-g5- 1-7-7717:if. . _ _g_ __g_ % ° F- 2154 40.8 18.8 2000 27. 8 43.0 21.7 2020 53.4 45.5 22.0 2040 -6 VII and IX 168.8 E. Parabitu- minous 20.4 50.0 5.0 55.0 5.0 80.o 5.0 1.1 30.0 Good 177.5 F. Ortho- bituminous 12.6 45.o 3.0 4o.o 4.0 80.0 3.0 0.95 28.0 Good Steel grey Irregular Triangular & Blocky Hard to Frag Steel grey Irregular Triangular fingery - Fragile Lie Med.Amt. Slight- Med. to Large steppy Amt. steppy Medium Amount Med. to large amount Medium Irregu- Medium Small amt. Stall to med. - amount None None Run-of-Mine "Hard" Coal Run-of-Mine "Soft".Coal Caking index by Gray's method 54 34 151. TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated by the 'Swelling Iudex'Test 11 inch slaUE As receivea— After wasEins_ Volatile Matter at 600°c. (Dry'basis)% 25.9 * 30.0 Swelling index 348 400 Section--Coke ClassifiGation Chart Border of VIII V and VII Specific Volatile Index Specific Volatile Index... Section-Coal Classification Chart Ash per cent in coal (Dry basis) Physical Properties of Coke-- Sixe on wharf % on 3" screen. Breeze t1/2".. 3hatter test on 2"screen Breeze:%-1/2" Abrasion Test - Index4 on 1rscreen.. Dust:%-1/16" Density App: specific gravity abs. per cubic foot. Transverse shrinkage Appearance of natural surface Shape Strength Cross fracture Longitudinal fracture Cell structure Sponge Pebbly seam REMARKS Washing inproves the coking characteristics but not suf- ficiently to allow the coal to be used alone in by-pro- duct praeice. CakiS_Praperties ..■■•■•••••■••••■•■•■•■••■•••■••■■•■■■•••■••■•■•••••■•■•■■ .... ■■•■•••••■ ■■■•■■••••■•■■ ••■••■■•■•■•.•••• ■•••■•■•••■ Apparent Screen analyses Bulk As réCUITga-- density :BY:Cumu- - 1b -:- per - Cu. ft. Screen sizes+ -Weight- lative I t It t 1 46.5 45.5 44,0« 45.3 45.5 45 o •-• Ash 16.7 16.0 14.4 16.3 •12.8 15.4 19.5 23.2 28.6 31.2 specific gravity 1.45 1.41 1.47 1.51 1.43 1.43 1.44 1.42 1.44 Plus 4 2 " - 4 1, 1 12 - 2 1 $7 - 1-1" 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" 1/4" - 1/2" 1/8" - 1/4" No. 48 - 1/8" O " - No. 48 22.2. 22.2 •21.5 - 43.7 50 .9 11.4' 62.3 •7.1 - 8:o 77.4 9. 0 86.4 45. 0 5.4 91.8 44.3 6.0 2.2 100.0 97 ' 8 . '"2 8 TABLE I. CHIPMAN AREA MAIN SEAM KING SHAFT NO.5,(ELKIN MINE), C.H. KING CHIPMAN, NEW BRUNSWICK Screen Analyses. Bulk Density and Apparent Specific Grae.1_ty Mine) run loo.o 53.8 17.4 0 " *- .4 " - 77.8 54.5 ' ' 17.2 1/8" - 4 " 69.6 51.5 - ' 16.3 3/4" - 4 " 47.2 47.5 14.9 o " - 3/4" ,30.6 54.0 20. 4 o " - 1-1" 49.1 54.3 ' - 21.3 O " - 118" 8.2 52.8 • 1.44 27.6 • - • . • . As receiVed - • • . . : Averelee size of run-of-mine coal . . ........... . .... .. . -. . .. .......-.,.:-....-.... ...in. - - 2.- 51 + In c--lis and subsequent tales, ail screens 1/5" and h7g er are: round-Me screens. No. 48 is Tyler 48-mesh with nominal aperture of 0.295 mm. : KING SHAFT NO. 5 (ELKIN MINE) TABLE II. Size Stability _________________ Screen analyses before ana-MUY,-arop-sfiater Eesf -- Sinee sizes Mixez sizes Screen --7 - 3 inch 3-- ------g- far.. Vr- g-in7h ô - -7 inch sizes b-)fore After Before After before Art-er After gUrcre Arter After test 2 drops test 2 drops test 2 drops ' k drops test 2 drops 4 drops d % __ _L.__ L _1_ % % __g g , 3 - " - 4 " 100.0 40.0 17.8 10.0 6.7 10.8 6.2 5.0 2 n _ 3 n 100.0 67.5 21.0 27.8 15.4 11 7 16.8 13.3 10.4 - 2 " 8.5 8.0 15.3 . 14.6 13.4 9.3 8.8 8.3 1 " - li" 8. 0 9.5 24.1 22.9 22.1 14.6 16.7 15.8 3/4" - 1 " 3.5 6.5 15.0 16.7 18.4 9.1 10.8 11.7 1/2" - 3/4" 6.5 5.5 9.6 10.8 10.4 11.7 12.9 O " - 1/2" 6. 0 9.5 10.8 16.9 29. 0 32.5 35.9 Average size..in. 2.50 2.02 3.50 2.30 2.02 * 1.51 1.31 1 35 1.16 1.05 Size stability.. 81 66 75 65 86 77 TABLE . III. Grindability+ Screen size or-gagrove inaex coal tested ea - 4' 64 O" - 3/4" 72 0" -1/8" 80 + See Appendix I-1 ■11 ■.)4 • KING SHAFT NO. 5 (ELKIN MINE) TABLE TV. Proximate Analyses, Calorific Value and Fusibility of Ash Dry basis Initial Soften- Fluid Melt- Soften- Flow Ash Vola- Fixed Sul- Calo- deform- ing tem- tempe- ing ing in- inter tile carbon phur rific ation perature rature range terval val matter value Btu/lb. °F. ° F. 16.7 34.8 48.5 6.2 16.0 35. 0 49.0 6.2 14.4 35.3 5 0.3 5.8 16.3 34.8 48.9 6.1 12.8 36.8 50.4 5.7 15.4 35.4 49.2 6.3 19.5 33.6 46.9 6.7 23.2 33.2 44.6 7.2 28.6 30.9 40.5 7.4 31.2 29. 0 39.8 7.8 1.1 17.4 34.0 45.6 6 D---12. ,490 1 17.2 34.0 48.8 6.5 12,370 1850 193 0 1980 130 80 5e 16.3 34.6 49.1 6.2 12,785 1870 1950 2000 130 80 50 14.9 35.5 49.6 5 9 12,875 1870 1930 1980 110 6o 50 20.4 33.3 46 3 7.4 11,970 1870 1950 2010 140 80 60 31.3'. 33.2 45.5 7.2 ' 11,720 1850 1920 1990 140 70 70 1.4 27.6 30.5 41.9 7.3 12,552_1870 1950 2000 130 80 50 TABLE V. Ultimate Analyses (Dry Basis) Mois- ture Scrern sizes (as rec'd) 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1/4" - 1/2" 1.2 1/8" - 1/4" 1.2 No. 48- 1/8" 1.3 o " - No. 48 1.8 Mine run 1.1 O " - 41t 1.1 1/8" - 4 " 1.1 3/4" - 4 " 1. 0 o •" - 3/4" 1.3 O " - li" 1.3 o " - 1/8" 1.4 27.6 3o Plus 4 " 2 " - 4 " - 2 I " - 3/4" - 1 " 1/2" - 3/4" ° F. °F. °F. °F. 1840 1920 :!,.;)Ï0 130 80 • 50 1840 1930 1970 130 90 40 1890 1950 2000 110 60 5 0 1880 1950 2000 120 70 50 1870 1920 1970 100 50 50 1850 1950 2000 150 100 50 1890 2000 2050 160 110 50 1890 2000 2050 160 110 50 1860 1980 2020 160 .120 40 1850 1960 2000 150 110 40 2b----IDIO 1960 ---P15 95 5 0 Sample Carbon 0" - 4" 68. 0 Rydrogen 4.8 -RIErogen Oxygen 6.5 1.0 2.5 17.2 Ul KING SHAFT N0 .5 (ELKIN MINE) TABLE VI. Sulohur Forme and Fusain Total Screen sulphur sizes %, of Coal 0" 1/8" 0" 0" Sulphate ilhr % of % of coal sulphur 0.16 2.5 0.15 2.5 0.27 3.8 0.39 5.4 Pyritic sulohtir % of % of coal sulphur - Organic 11.1,e1417 % of %' cf coal sulphur Fusain % or pure coal •••••••••••■••■••• - 4" p9 .13 - 1*" 7.09 7.19 4.11 64.3 2.12 33.2 4.67 - U6 3 Pr.? .2 .Ô4 i5.21 5.02 69.8 1.78 24.8 6.82 TABLE VII: Chemical Analyses of Ash / Screen sizes 3 i02 Al203 Fe203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 T102 P205 ' S03 Total 0" - 4" % 37.7 25.5 26.8 4.4 0.8 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 2.3 100.6 / Analysis made. in chemical laboratory, Division of Metallic Minerais, under the direction of J.A. Fournier, Chief Chemist. KING SHAFT NO.5 (ELKIN MINE) TABLE VIII. Float and Sink Data on lr Slack - Ash and Sulphur Cumulative oats Specific gravity Weight Ash Sul- stnirg-rneu phur VUTef +.10 specific gravity . inks - diFltrubution • Ash Sulphur C-ravity. CZTFUiated . irdinate • Ash Sulphur Weight Ash Sulphur % 1.30 22.6 3. 8 1.30 1.40 34.6 9. 0 1.40 1.50 17.4 16.2 1.50 1.60 8.1 23.0 1.6o 17.3 48.5 3.0 22.6 3 8 5.1 57.2 6.9 7.4 74.6 9.1 9.4 82.7 10.5 13.8 100.0 17.0 3.0 1 00 . 0 17.0 6.9 4.3 77.4 20.9 8.0 5. 0 42.8 30.5 10.4 5.4 25.4 40A 12.4 6.9 17.3 48.5 13.8 1.35 1 40 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 75.0 57.8 39.6 19.4 8.9 4.8 Curve No. 4 2 2 1,2,4 1 1 3 3 3 5 TABLE IX. Chemical Anal-jsis'and Fusibility of Ash on Float and Sink Portions of li" Slack (Dry Basis) , Coking properties Good Good Good 'Fair Poor Specific Vola- • gravity Ash tile Fixed binKs rioats matter carbon 1.30 3.8 41.4 54.8 1.30 1.40 9.1 37.9V 53.0 1.40 1 50 16.4 34.1 49.5 1.50 1.60 23.3 30.3 46.4 1.6 0 49.2 22.6 28.2 Initial Soft- Pluid Melt- Suften.J. Flow Sul- deform- ening tempe- ing in b in- intar- phur ation point rature range Cerval .nral % ° F. ° F. °F. ° F. °F. • °F. 3.1 1860 1910 1960 100 50 50 5.2 1870 1930 1980 110 60 50 7.5 - 1850 1920 1970 120 • 70 5J 9.5 1840 1940 1980 140 100 40 14.0 1900 1990 2050 150 90 60 s-+ LY KING SHAFT NO. 5 (ELKINtMINE) Float and Sink Data on 1e-4" Lump - Ash TABLE IXAe Cumul-Mve +.ID specirTU gravTU-7- Spe -ETric ravit y Weight . Ash Floats tits Sinks• flks Flo W-61-ga"---MH VéIght-7c17fi 1.30 9.6 6.1 9.6 6.1 100.0 16.1 1.30 1.40 32.3 8.9 41.9 8.3 90.4 17,2 1.40 1.50 36.9 19.9 78.8 13.7 28.1 21.8 1.50 1.60 18.9 25.0 97.7 15.9 22.2 25,0 1.60 2.3 25.3 100.0 16.1 2.3 25.3 2 1,2 4 1 3 3_ _2 Curve No.4 - distribution navity Calculatbr- ordinate 1:40 69.2 , 1.45 65.5 1.55 40.0 . 1.65 ,8.5 IRRII Ilhoull111111116M11111111111111111111 11111111111111111011111111111111111 1111111111111111111111Z111•11711 1111411111,13 111111111111 11 II la 4 11111111011111111111 Mr Ill lia Ïaiaa R RRi Rh RU ludiummabla 20 30 ri z 4c) ri 50 --1 -,11 60 --4 (I) 70 g0 g0 80 70 -a ri ri 50 (in cn 30 20 10 60 40 20 30 1-8 1.7 40 50 60% ASH /.6 1.5 /• 4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY /.9 4 I.8 b7 14% SULPHUR gD MP 12 1.4 /0 /.5 8 1.6 Figure 40 - Washability Curves tor King Shaft Mine, G.H. King. 1:h inch slack. Curvo Curve Curve Curve Curve 1 - Cumulative coal-ash or sulphur percentage (float). 2 - Actual ash or sulphur percentage. 3 - Cumulative slate-ash or sulphur percentage (sink). 4 - Specific gravity. 5 - ± .10 specific Gravity distribution. 3 5 -30 -o ri ri z .40 ri "s5 50 -G5 41 60 7.1 ' 70 80 00 10 20 30 40 50 60% ASH 1.9 1•8 b7 be •s b4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Figure 41 - Vashability Curves for King Shaft Mine, G.H. King. 1-4 inch lumps. ' Curve J. - Cumulative coal-ash percentage (float). Curve 2 - Actual ash percentage. Curve 3 - Cumulative slate-ash percentage (sink). Curve 4 - Specific gravity. Curve 5 - t .10 specific gravity distribution. Refuse Sinks 1.60 Clean coal Floats 1.60 . 79,2 , . 10.3 37.3 52.4 5.5 13,700 icro 110 Good Raw coal % 100.0 % 21.3 % 33. 2 % • 45.5 B t u /lb 11.720 ......... ..... ° F, 1920 F. 140 Fair . 5.21 4, 32 5.48 0.13 3.06 2.29 of coal % 7.09 of coal ('% 0.27 . . of. coal %' 4.78 of coal _422ô 2 04 ' ,I•••• 20.8 48.7 22.6 28.7 11 9 1950 140 Poor 8.56 . 11.76 0.36 9.89 • 1.51 Weight Proximate analysis (dry:basis)-- Ash Volatile patter Fixed . carbon Sulphur_ • Calorific value Fusion point of ash Melting rang..-) of ash Coking prbperties Fusain in pure coal .... Sulphur Forms-TAA.)* Total sulphur ,... Sulphate sulphur . Pyritic sulphur .. Organic sulnhur • • Screen geight 'CUmilatfve Ash Sul- F.r.A. . . Floats ' Sinks 3/4" - 37.7 57.7 14.9 6.0 1930 1/8" -3/4" 45.6 83.3 18.9 6.7 2000 0 " -1/8" 16.7 100.0 27.6 7.3 19>3 * A.R. - As received basis sizes weight - pimr . -.1; .. C.` 1 • ° F of cil of - -.2._ ....e /0 _ _____ • __ _ _ ___ 87.6 10.7 5. -: •84.o lo.c I-5. 70.2 12.7 5.8 1920 _ :D20 Ï2.4 51.o D3.) 1960 1940 16.0 47.0 13.2 19 3 0 .8 1920 29.8 51.1 11.0 2000 _ KING SHAFT NO. 5 (ELKIN MINE) TABTF. X. Chemical Analyses and Fusa -7_a c.)Rav Coal, Clean Coal,and Refuse, • • . . ' - . . - • • . . . • .... . . TABLE X.I. *Screen and ChemiCal AnalySesof Sizes• Prepared _From . . . .le Slaàk, and Analysàs of the Clean Coal and -Réfuse•of TheSe' Sizes After Washing_ at.a• Se.lected GraVity of 1..60 .. '• . . • . 1-I OD. 159. TABLE XII. Physical Properties of By-Product Cokes As Indicated by the 'Swelling Index' Test 1-1 inch slack As received After washing Volatile matter at 600°c. (Dry Baais)% 28.4 32.1 Swelling Index 317 654 Section--Coke clàssification chart Border of VI V and VII Specific volatile index 172.9 174.0 Section--Coal classficat ion chart Parabituminous Parabituminous Ash per cent in coal (dry basis) 21.3 10.3 Physical Propertie,, of By-product coke Size on wharf i% on 3" screen 40.0 50.0 ' Breeze:%-1/2" 5.0 2.0 Shatter test ,Index: % on 2" screen 35.0 50.0 F..1,eeze: %-1/2" 5.0 4.0 Abrasion test fID Indexyg on li" screen 70.0 85.0 ust: —1/16" 5.0 3.0 Density iApp. specific gravity 0.95 0.90 Lbs. per cubic foot 28.0 26.0 Transverse shrinL:e.,3e Good Appearance of natural surface ' Steel grey, irregular Shape Triangular, fingery Strength , Fragile Cross fracture Med to large amount,steppy Longitudinal fracture Med to large amt. Cell structure Medium Sponge Small to med. amt. Pebbly seam None REMARKS Washing improves the coking ' properties materially. How- ever,the coal when used alone is not satisfactory for the production of the best grade of bv-product coke. Caking Properties Caking Index.by Gray's method. Run-of-mine coal 60 ' i6o. . Chapter IV • .• 'SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RDULTS .. All the coal mined in the Minto Coal Basin is from the one . seam, referred to in this report as the Main seam. An under- lying seam, separated from the uain seam by only a feu in?hes of clay or bone, is very thin and usually excessive' in mineral matter, and seldom if ever mined. Althouzh there is not a great deal of variation in the coal seam mined in the different districts or areas intowhich the basin has been subdivided, for 'compara- tive purposes the data for the coals studied has been'arranged . according to area. - Physical Properties Size Distribution The size distrtbutions of the run-of-mine samples are shown in TableI under the respectIve mlne designations. The average part i cle size of the normal cl—fo-ealled "hard" coals as received", calculated from the screen analyses in accordance with the method referred to in the Appen:flix and as sho,,ra, 17, e1ou, indicate the variation in size bet -;,ieen the rroduct lf the various mines -In the separate areas. The tnble.also shows the relation- ship of the various sizes, and, generally speaking,,it is to be noted that the greater the average particle size of. the rUn-of-- mlne coal the lower is the proportion of fine sizes.produced and the gretter is the quantity of lare lump. • In addition the'table - also sho ,is the above data for the so•c,t.11ed "soft" coals •mined 4 n the various areas. The average particle size of the normal ruh-of-mne coal is rather low and does not vary to any ipeat extent fromene to mine or from one district to the other cxcept in three cases At these particlar mines the greater care taken du'.'ing•Mining to prevent breadown together with the somewhat greater size stabili- ty of the coal resulted in a much higher average raticie size. In this respect it should also be Observed that, generally where machine mining,was used the >coà1 had a higher average part-. idle size. It also should>be nbted that een though these coals are quite friablethe amount of-48mesh 'dust produced compares> favourably with éoals which aré =ch 'lea's. friable. • • The data given •above for the so-called "soft" coals, Indicate the extent to which degradation has taken place as a result of weathering in .situ. The "soft" coals mihed are substantially 1 'Inch slacks with a very' high prorrrtion of fines and dust. • 161. Size Distribution of Run-of-Mine Coal Average +4 in. li in. -1/8 in. Dust Area & particle lump Black fines -48 mesh Mine size . inches %. % % % North Mint° West Slppe 2.70 27.4 52.0 12.9 3.5 Miramichi 1.49 9.2 72.1 12.5 3.2 • South Minto Tweedie 1.07 3.1 77.1 15.0 4.0 Rothwell 2.48 23.1 47.0 9.1 2.1 Avon 1.04 4.5 79.9 19.2 5.2 WinterporL 1 94 12.4 34.5 13.7 2.8 Welton 1.01 4.1 Y7.9 20.9 5.3 Kelley 1.35 4.7 67.3 10.2 2.8 Yeamans 1.26 3.7 69.6 11.8 2.9 Newcastle Bridge Newcastle 1 36 7.7 68.2 11.8 2.7 Black Diamond 1.49 6 7 65.2 10.8 2.7 McDougal(Hard) 1.45 3.0 60.1 6.9 1.9 Chipman Myes Slope 1.02 2.1 78.9 11.8 2.8 Long Creek Strip 1.49 8. 0 69. 0 8.4 2.2 Broderick(Hard) 1.24 2.5 70.4 8.2 2.4 King Shaft 2.51 22.2 49.1 8.2 2.2 "Soft" Coals Newcastle Bridge McDougal 0.33 0 .2 97.9 53.8 15.2 Chipman Burpee Strip 0.31 0.0 99.0 46.2 10.5 Broderick 0.44 0.0 96.2 35.8 10.6 Density The apparent specific gravity and bulk density for each of the various sizes of coal from the different mines are shown in Table I under the respective mine designations. The following table gives the minimum and maximum values obtained fpr, these characteristics for the normal coals in sizes from +4 in. to 1/8 in. and for the so-called "soft" coals. The reeulta.rbelee, in so far as the normal coal is cen- cerned, indicate that although there is some variation in the density characteristics for the various sizes of the same coal and for corresponding sizes of the different coals, the differences Apparent Bulk Ash Specific Density gravity lb./cu.ft. % Mine' District 162. North Minto South Mint° West Slope Miramichi TI-Teedie Rothwell Avon Winterport Welton Kelley Yeamans 1.38-1.41 1.37-1.40 1.39-1.42 1.36-1.41 1. -38-1.40 1.40-1.43 1.40-1.44 1.38-1. 2-1 1.36-1.42 44.o-47.3 44.5-46.3 44.8-46.o 44.o-45.3 44.o-44.8 44.5-45.8 43.8-45.5 43.3-47.8 44.o-46.8 44.8-48.o 45.3-46.o 44.0-46.o 43.0..49.5 43.0-46.3 42.3-46.3 44.o-46.5 11.7-23.2 12.1-18.6 13.2-19.8 12.5-16.7 14.6-17.4 13.0-15.5 15.3-19.3 11.0-15.3 13.8-15.4 13.5-20.1 12.6-14.5 16.2-17.2 15.8-20.5 12.9-17.9 17.2-24.0 12.8-23.2 Newcastle Bridge Newcastle 1.38-1.46 Black namond 1.34-1.39 McDougal (Hard)*1.42-1.45 Chipman Myles Slope 1.40-1 48 Long Creek Strip1.37-1.41 Brcderick(Hard) 1.42-1.47 King Shaft 1.41-1.51 "Soft" Coals Newcasil.,:; Bridge McDougal 1.32 7.4 Chipman Burpee Strip 1.27.-1.31 30,0-30.5 6.1-7.2 • Brcderick 1.26-1.29 13-0 Data for only two sites. not very great, and not readily related to the ash contents, which appear to vary to a far greater degree than the density characteristics. In those cases, however ; vhere a bigh density vas noted the ash content was Usually much higher than the other sizes. The undeterminÈdfactor of particle shape must play a far greàter role than the ash in dEermining the density chatacter- istics in this particu1a2 coal. The "soft" coals are mater•ally difOerent than the normal or "hard" coals. The apparent'gravity and the bulk den- sity is substantially lover, but much more-so than would be - expected if the change was entirely de to a leacing out of. adi. The weathering of the coal has soschanged the physical . structure of the:cbal'that i3 has becOme rather spongy with an • attendent appreàiable reduction in its natural denseness. - Blending the various sizes in different proportions results in mixtureshaving varying bulk densities higher than those of the individual sizes. Generally speaking, the bulk den- sities of the lvarious size mixtures decrease with a decrease in the quantity and size of the top sizes. The table '.1elow shows the comparative values for several sies mixtures of the coals from the different mines, and indicates the uniformity for the corresponging size mixtures from thedifferent mines. This is to 163. be expected as there is not a great variation, generally, in the size distribution of the :Afferent coals. Bulk Density of Size Mixtures (lbs./cu. ft.) Mine Mine 0- 1i in. 0-1/8 in. 3/4-4 in. 1/8-4 in. Run West Slope 56.8 58.8 53.5 49.5 53,5 Miramichi 60.0 55.5 53.0 46.8 52.3 Tweedie 56.0 56.0 53.8 48.3 52.8 Rothwell 57.0 55.3 52.3 44.8 52.0 Avon 60.5 58.0 52.5 48 8 51.8 Winterport ---- 57.5 50.0 49.0 54.0 Welton 58.0 57.0 52.0 47.0 50.8 Kelley 56.5 53.3 52.5 47.0 52.0 Yeamans 56.3 54.3 52.3 48.0 52.5 Newcastle 55 5 53.5 51.0 48.0 51.8 Black Diamond 57.3 53.0 49.8 48.8 53.8 McDougal (Hard) 52.3 62.5 47.0 ---- -- Myles Slope 55.8 57.0 51.0 49.8 54.0 Long Creek' 62.5 53.8 50.5 45.8 50.5 Broderick (Hard) 49.8 53.5 54.5 48.5 51.0 King Shaft 53.8 54.3 52.8 47..5 51.5 Size Stability (py Drop-shatter Tests) The size degradation, after a standarized amount of handling of various sites and size mixtures of the normal coal' is shown in Table II under the respective mine disignations. Shatter tests on the 2 to 3 inch and the 3 to 4 inch sizes were made in order to obtain a comparison of the relative size sta- bility of the coals. The following table summarizes these data. The values shown*.in the table ihdicate that, baled on the calculated average particle size of the coal before and after the standard test for either of the size3tested, the stability of the coal is somewhat low and fairly uniform throughout the coal seam irespective of the area in which it has been mined. . However it should be noted that in a general way, the differences noted in the stability of the individual sizes chosen is to a certain degi,ee rdflected in the average size of the coal mined, the higher the stability the larger is the average particle size of the run-of-mine coal. The relationship is tempered to a greater orlesser degree by the method of mining, machine mining resulting in the production of lumpier coal than in the case of handpick mining. 79 71 1. 49 73 68 64 67 . -- 61 68 . 65 . 71 78 71 74 76 75 77 69 71 80 73 73 75 69 ••• .1•1, 1.2 4 73 81 North' , Minto Sl ope ,. Miramichi Sout Minto --1-Freedie Rotbiell Avon Winterport Welton Kelley Yeamans Newcastle Bridge Newcastle Black Diamond McDougal (Hard) Chipman Myles Slope Long Creek Strip Broderick(Hard) King naft 2.70 1.07 2.48 1.04 1.94 1.01 1.35 1 26 1.,3 6 1.49 1.45 02 1•C 't-- 66. 2.51 164. Area & Mine .Sie Stability Per Cent (After 2 Drops) 3 inch 3 - 4 inch coal coal Average Particle Size of Mine Run Coal in. The stabilities of mixed sizes, after 4 drops, are shown -below. The stability of a mixture of sizes is rather un- predictable as it is dependent upon the proportion of the in- dividual sizes, upon the stability of each of the individual sizes that go to make up the mixture as well as upon the cush- ioning effect of the. smaller sizes. However in the case of a 3/4-4 in. mix where no fines are present the stability is to a great degree dependent on the stability of the largest lumps in the mixture. For example in considering the difference in size stability of the 3/4-4 in. size for the coals from the West Slope aine and the King Shaft it is noted that the average particle size of these two mixes vas the same, namely 2.02 inches, and the Proportion of 2 in. lump in the mixtures was approximately the Mlle, namely 45.8% for the West Slope Coal and' 45.6% for . the King Shaft Coal. The only difference . found was in the stcbility of the 3-4 in. lumps, namely 71 for the West Slope coal, -and 66 for the Ring Shaft; and till's characteristic alone apparently accounts foe the difference noted in the size stabilities of the 3/4-4 in. edxtures. Again take thecase of two coals such as Winterport and Welton which exhibit the same stability for the 3/4-4 in. mix- ture, yét show substantial variations in the propprtion of top sizes. 165. - Size Stability Per Cent Area - Mine .After 4 Drops) 3/4- ,. in. 0-4 in. coal coal North Minto West Slope 70 91 Miramichi 71 89 South Minto Tveedie 74. 91 Rothwell 72 83 Avon 73 85 Winterport 69 -- . Welton 69- 84 . -K.-elley 80 84 Yeamans 72 89 Newcastle Bridge : Newcastle 73 80 Black Diamond 75 89 McDougal (Hard) 77 86 Chipmun Myles Slope 74 88 Long Creek Strip 74 76 Broderick (Hard) . 73 85 King Shaft.., 65 77 The average particle size of the Winterport mix was 2.02 in. with 48.0% plus 2 in. lump, and the average particle size for the Welton coal 'was 1.76 in. with Only 32.0% plus 2 in. lump. These difference are 'apparently overcome by the fact that the 3-4 in, and the 2-3:in.'lump:to a lesser degree,of the Welton Coal are more stable than.the same sizes of Winterport coal. .„ . . These examples do , not cover all the cases but were elaborated on to indicaté . the.trend-Yariations from this are of course obVious and the qualifying factors in addition to size stability , bfr'individual sizeS 'must also be takan into account. The resultè . Of the shatter tests on:he 0-4 inch mixtures show more clearly'; for exaMple:, thé cushiov:.ing,.effect of the small sizes and fines. ' GrindabilityY : -The Hardgrove indices;:of.grindability for three size. mixture's': of the MintO.coals aré,shown in Table III under the respective•Mine dcyTgnationa., The table below shows the Hardgrove indices'(old) for thevaribusSiÉes tested, as well as for tome • of the saMple of so-called "soft"' coal. ne . higher values repre- sent greater amennbility to grinding, and it will be noted that in practically all cases, considering the normal coal, the smaller the size of coal the more readily does it appear to be susceptible to pulverization, even though these smaner sizes are usually much higher in ash. Although moisture has a noticeable in reducing amenability to grindability, the difference noted in the case of these coals cannot be even partially, accounted for 166. by moisture.-All the tests were conducted on air dried coals, Area • Mine . Hardgrove Grindability Index • " 0-4 in. 0-3/4 >lh. 0-1/8 in. North Minto '-. West Slope .69 73 83 Miramichi :; 64 ' 63 73 5outh Mint() - -Tweedié• • " - 73 - 76 80 . Bothwell 70 r: 74 . 76 Avon 77 72 82 • Winterport 75 87 95 Welton . . - 69 73 83 Kelley 64 69 69 Yeamans 70 71 78 Newcastle Bridge Newcastle 64 67 73 Black Diamond 65 65 68 McDougal (Hard). 65 -- -- Chipman Myles Slnpe 65 72 80 Long Creek Strip 62 69 75 Broderick (Hard) 67 70 88 King Shaft 64 72 80 .. " "Soft Coals. . . . . . . Newcastle Bridge . McDougal -- 89 .. __ Chipman • Burpee Strip 85 93 >Broderick -- 89 __ and on this basis there was very little difference in the moi- sture content. Hence,.in so far as the Minto coals &re concerned, the fines and smalls, are inherently more amenable to pulverizing than the larger lumps. However, it should be noted that only in two cases, the Winterport and Broderick, can it be considered that even the fines-ould be easily ground in comparison to those coals normally constidered highly suited. In thisregard,-it should be noted, that the're is no doubt that reduction in ash Content would appreciably improve the grindability characteristics of the.coals, especially the fines.. The so-called "soft" coals are more easily ground as judged by the Hardgrove test than are the normal coals. However it should be noted that the improved susceptability to grinding - is not of the order that might bé expect from the reduction in physical strength of the coal accompanied by the nraduction in mineral matter. The reason for titis is not oblious but it is supected that the Oxidation of the coal particles as a result of weathering has so changed i,he surface that a lubricating or Possibly cushioning effect results on fine grinding. • Moisture- Dry basis Volatile Fixed matter carbon Area & Mine as received Ash 31.7 52.8 15.5 31.7 51.5 16.8 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 ' 3 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1. 0 Lb 16.0 13.9 17.1 15.7 17.2 13.0 15.7 15.1 13.6 18.0 16.9 16.2 19.8 17.4 52.3 53.o 51.2 51.8 51.5 53.3 51.6 52.2 52.5 50.4 48.6 51.3 47.7 48:6 31.7 33.1 31.7 32.5 31.3 33.7 32.7 32.7 33.9 31.6 34.5 32.5 32.5 34.0 59.6 59.0 3. 9 167. Chemical Properties Proxim.Analyses . The proximate analyses of the various screened sizes and mixtures (composites) of the Screen sizes for the Minto coals are shown in Table IV under Vac respective mine designations. As the values obtained for the run-of-mine composites may be con- sidered as representative, these analyses for the various mines are shown in the table below for comparative purposes In addi- tion the proximate analyses of the "soft" coals are also pre- sented. It is to be nbted that the moisture values indicated on the "as received" basis, should more correctly be considered as "air-dried". "As received" here means, as received at the labo- ratories some time after sampling. • Proximate Analyses of Run-of-Mine Coal Proximate analyses North Minto West Sllpe Miramichi South Minto Tweedie...., Bothwell Avon Winterport Welton.... Kelley Yeamans Newcastle Bridge Newcastle Black Diamond McDougal (Hard).. Chipman • Myles S10.1 Leng Creek Strip. Broderick (Hard) King Shaft "Soft" Coals Newcastle Brids2 Mc»ougal Chipman Burpee Strip Broderick 2.9 33.0 3.1 34.4 2.6 7.4 6.6 13.0 Average 38.6 168. The data indicates very clearly, that in so far as the run-of-mine coal is concerned,there appears to be very little difference in the coal from one area to another and as between one mineezi another.. In those cases where the,ash of the normal coal is lower, it is known that greater care was taken during the mining of the coal to keepcut as much of the refuse as possi- ble. The analyses of the "soft" coalsehows the effect of the leaching out process diiring weathering; the ash has been, on the average, substantially reduced. An examination of the volatile matter calculated to the mineral matter-free basis, as shown below, indicates that the Chipman area coals differ to some extent from the Minto district, eihibiting a somewhat higher volatile matter content, namely, on the average 2.0% higher. Volatile Matter on Mineral Matter-,Free Basis Mine Volatile Matter % Area North Mint° West Srtipe 36.0 Miramichi 36.3 South lento Tweedie 35.9 Rothwell.... .. : 36.9 Avon 36.3 Winterport 36.8 Welton 35.9 Kelley 37.3 Yeamans 37.1 N-ewcastle Bridge Newcastle 36.9 Black Diamond 37.8 McDougal (Hard) 36.5 Average 36.6 Chipman Myles Slope 39.8 Long Creek 'Strip 37.1 Broderick (Hard). 38.2 King Shaft 39.4 Generally speaking irrespective of the mine, the ash , ontent of the normal coal appears to increase with a decrease in size. This is quite Obvious from the table below where the ash content on. the dry. basis of a composite of 3/ inch lumps is compared to that of a composite of 0-1/8 inch fines. Con- sidering the fairly tide area from rillich the various coals were taken it is noteworthy that there is such a uniformity in the difference in the ash content of the various sizes from the different mines. 169. The higher ash contents of the fines from - the West Slope mine and the King Shaftlsattributable to the fact that all-the coal at these properties was machine. mined. The cut was made in the underlying clay band in the West Slope mine and in the Over Ash'Contents.of Selected Composites .; • Ash (Dry basis Mine • 3/4-4 inch 0-1A. inch % *% • Area North Minto West Slope 14.6 30.9 Mirpmiohi.., 15.7 22.4 South Minto Tveedie 14.4 21.5 Rothrrell 12.7 20.9 Avon 15.3 20.4 Winterport 16.0 20.4 Welton . . , 16.6 21.8 Kelley 12.2 18.4 Yeamano 14.1 21.8 Newcastle Bridge Nevcastle 14.4 23.4 Black Diamonà , 12.8 181 ChiPman Myles Slope 16.8 26.3 Long Creek S[;rip 14.4 21.0 Brcderick (Har;d) 19.3 28.9 King Shaft • 14.9 27.6 , lying shale in the King Shaft, and difficillty was experienced in keeping the cuttings out of the coal. In so far as the Broderick "hard" or normal coal is_concerned, it, for all sizes appeared to be higher in ash than most of the coals studied. The . "Soft" coals, ge4eral1y, showed a low and fairly uniform ash content for ail sizes. Calôrific Value . The .calorific values of the various composites of • • screened sizes are ahown In Table IV under the separate desig- nated mines. The average, ca:lorific values for the run-of-mine composites of the Minto.coals are asÉhovn below. Values for both normal and - so-called "soft" coals are given. . Area 170. • CaToriffb-VaIue Ash, Mine (B.f.'," lb.) dry -Ii.7 basis Dry Dry,M.M. basis free basis North Minto South Minto Newcastle Bridge Chipman Newcastle Bridge Chipman Wasc'Slope - - 12910 .15675 15.5 Miramichi 12695 15700 16.8 Tweedie 12470 15293 16.0 Rothwell 13080 15568 13.9 Avon 12460 15499 17.1 Winterport 12620 15400 15.7 Welton 12435 15484 17.2 Kelley 13290 15624 13.0 Yeamans...., 1269>;; 15484 15.7 Newcastle 12870 15555 15.1 Black D - mond 13260 15707 . 13.6 McDougal (Hard) 12295 15497 18.0 Myles Slope 12495 15483 16.9 Long Creek Btrip 12570 15421 16.2 Broderick (Bard) 11745 15226 19.8 King Shaft )2490 15562 17.4 . "Soft' Coal McDougal 13465 14700 7.4 Burpee Strip 13740 14836 6.6 Broderick • 127- 1 -14958 13.0 ( 1 )MM -free basis =:Mineral matter free basis 100 where 100-(M + 1.1A + 0.13 moisture; A ash; S . sulphur. ■•■••■••••111”.....■■•••■•■■••••■ Although there is a variation of over 1000 B.t.u. be- tween the m&ximum and minimum values, the tlifferences observed are • tainly due to the variation in the ah contents of the - coals. Calculated to the mineral matter-freebasis the .calorific values are much more uniform there being no marked difference - between the Chipman coals and those 1h the other -areas though there is some difference in the xclatile matter content...It is to be . noted that on the "as mined" basis, where the moisture may and does 7..lz'y coilsiderably, even a greater variation than noted • above on the "dry basis n would be evident The 6o-ca11ed ' n soft" coals deinitely show the in-- fluence•of-oxidation'by exhibiting a dspressed calorific value Iti comparison:with the coal normally mined. 171. Ultimate Analyses The ultimate analyses, that is, the carbon, hydrogen, sulphur„nitrogen and oxygen contents of the coals from the various azeas in the Minto coalfield ar. shown in Table V under the respective mine dc,signations. For comparative purposes the val_s obtained for the 0 to 4 inch composites of normal coal, and for the mine run samples of "soft" coal are shown in the tàble. --- -nt-glate an-ezses-DiFi-FiiISI---- Area & Caron Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen Asii- Mine North Minto -17.7U7E-3I-O'pe 68.4 4.5 5.8 0.9 1.3 19.1 Miramichi 69.7 4.5 -, 6.6 0.7 2.8 15.7 South Minto -576U-Eé- 69.3 4.5 8.1 0.8 1.9 15.4 Rothwell 70.2 4.6 7.2 0.8 1.6 15.4 Avon 67.8 4.5 7.8 0.8 1.8 17.3 Winterport (1) 68.9 4.7 7.6 0.8 2.1 15.9 Welton 66.1 4.6 8.0 0.9 1.9 18.5 Kelley 73.0 4.6 6.6 0 9 1.8 13.1 Yeamans 70.6 4.7 7.1 0.9 1.5 15.2 Newcastle Bridge Newcastle 69.4 4.5 6.5 0.9 2.7 16.0 Black Diamond... 72.8 4.8 5.9 0.9 2.4 13.2 glin/lan MY-le-s- Slope 69.2 4.9 7.2 1.1 1.3 16.3 Lus Creek Strip 68.7 4.7 6.7 0.9 2.9 16.1 Broderick (Hard) 63.7 4.5 9.9 0.9 0,9 20.1 King Shaft 68.0 4.8 6.5 1.0 2.5 17.2 "Soft" Coal Newcastle Bridge McDouL 76.2 C1-1 Burpee Strip 77.7 Broderick 70.4 (1) 1/8-4 in. sample. 4.9 2.6 1.0 7.9 7.4 5.0 2.5 1.0 7.2 6.6 4.8 5.2_ 1.0 The ultimate analyses of the normal coal from the various mines in the different districts are very uniform,vary- ing mainly with the ash content. It should be noted, however, ' that the oxygen content of the normal coals seems very low, coals of similar rank from other coalfields exhibiting an oxygen con- tent of from 4.0 to 6.0 per cent. The explanation for this is not obvious but it would appear to be associated with the higher sulphur content of the coal. If the lead chromate normally used 172. as an absorbant for the 'sulphur oxides did not efficiently ab-" sorb the sulphur compounds because of the large quantity pro- duced, they,would be absorbed in the pbtash tubes and appear as carbon. This wduld natùrally increase the carbon content, and because the oxygen is calculated by .difference, would show a lower than normal value for the Oiygen. This persistently low oxygen content for all the samples -tested was only notèd after the work was completed and to date there has been no opportun- ity to give this question further attention. The ultimate analyses for the "soft" coals very definitely indicate the influence of oxidation during weathering, the oxygen content being much higher than would be expected for coals of this rank. Fusibility of Ash • The fusibility of ash;'which include the temperature of initial deformation, the softening temperatune and fluid temperature, as determined by the .gas furnaces method.in'a re- ducing atmosphere, are shown in Table IV under the rOsPective mine designations. The. temperature intervals betïieen the ab•ve empirical points are also shown . in Table IV: For comparative purposes, the results obtained on the composite sanples of Mine-run of each coal are shown below.: . ' There is very little-yariation in the ash fusibility of the normal coals irrespective of the district from which • they have been mined. The softening temperatures are uniformly lvw and the melting range, that is the temperature tnterval be- tween the initial deforMatidn température and the fluid tempe- rature is rather low and generally unff•orm. Examination of the tables :1V indicate that...the ash fusibility of the various screened sizes ft also uniformly low. The influence Of oxidation is quite noticeable in those samples of "soft" coal where the sulphur content has been raterially reduced by leaching out after oxidation. As the sul- phur content is reduced the iron content is Proportionately reduced and thlb a higher ash fusibility s to be expected. Such is the cas e . in two of the.samples of "soft" coal noted abpve and it should be noted that the influenceof the reduction in iron content of these c.noticeabie in its effect.on the • fluid temperature which vas ' "niaterially increased. This diff- erence would be sufficient, all other things being equal, to Change the ash f' rama seriously clinkering product-on ' -oom- bustion'to one prodûcing a much softer more porous clinkered residue. 2110 - 2010 2070 2250 2070 2020 1980 • 2050 • 2010 2030 2025 2070 1910 2020 2050 1960 Ash Fusibility__ Initial deformation ° F. Softeni Temperature Temperature range F. ° F. F. 2080 2250 173. 1930 1910 2015 1900 1910 1930 1840 1910 1870 1900 1930 1900 1820 1880 1890 1820 Area & Mine North Minto Miramichi South Minto. Tweedie Rothwell Avon • Winterport Welton.— Kelley Yeamans Newcastle Bridge Newcastle Black Diamond McDougal(Hard) Chipman Myles Slope Long Creek Strip Broderick (Hard) King Shaft ■■■■•■•■•••■■■11.....1.,■•■••■■••■• 2080 1990 2035 2040 2020 2000 1940 2020 1980 2005 2015 2000 1870 1960 2000 1910 • ■••■■••••■•1111• i8o 100 55 350 160 90 140 140 140 13 0 • 95 170 90 140 160 140 "Soft" Coal Newcastle Bridge McDougal ChiEM1 —Burpee Strip Broderick 2480 400 2100 2270 2540 440 1900 2000 - 2040 140 Chemical Analyses of the Ash Table VII for each of the Minto coals shows the chem- ical analyses of the ashes. For comparative purposes and in studying the relationship of the various ash components the four- component system, Si02-Al203-Fe203-CaO, has been found to yiéld the most valuable information. The ash analyses of the 0 to 4 Inch composites of the Minto coals arepresented in the following table, calculated on the four-component basis. In so far as the normal coals are concerned the ashes are high in iron oxide and relatively low in total refractory, the relative proportions being controlled by the variation in the quantity of iron sulphides (pyrites) associated with the coals. It should also be noted that there appears to be a greater vari- ation in the alumina content than in the silica. In a general way it seems that the ashes of those coals obtained in the South Mine 3102. -Al203. Fe203 CaO• to Fe203 sunnure tem. of ash ° F. Area & .Ash Analyses 8i02+Al203 .Ash Analyses 174. lento' area show a. higher iron oxide content than the coals frOm the Othe!' areas and the . alümina and silica contents are on the average lover. This variation in chemicalconstitution is not of such a type or magnitude as to have any noticeable effect on the fusibility of the ash. However, - as a result of available experi- mental evidence it seems liéry probable that the South Minto area coals. and some in the Chipman - area would yield somewhat tougher, denser clinkers than most of the coals in the other areas, as it has been found that theIower the ratio of silica and alumina to iron oxide the tougher and denser- is the clinker formed from those ashes an Combustion in most known types of heating equip- ment North Minto West Slope 43.7 15.5 37.4 3.4 Miramichi 37.2 27.4 31.7 3.7 South Minto Tweedie 25.4 8.3 63.7 Rothwell 29.3 5 1 7 60.7 Avon 31.8 21.4 43.3 Winterport(1) 29.0 10.8 56.7 Welton 33.1 22.0 41.2 Kelley 29.1 10.7 56.2 Yeamans 29.9 26.0 39.0 Newcastle Bridge Newcastle 37.0 27.0 32.5 Black Diamond 35.8 27.2 33.0 McDougal (2) 41.0 25.7 30.6 2.7 Chipman Myles Slope 33.5 25.9 34.6 Long Creek Strip 38.1 3.6 54.0 Broderick (Hard) 28.3 27.8 41.0 King Shaft 39.9 27.0 28.4 "Soft" Coal 2.6 4.3 3.5 3.7 4.0 5.1 3.5 4.0 6.0 4.3 2.9 4.7 2.04 1.58 0.53 0.58 1.23 0.70 1.34 0.71 1.43 1.97 1.91 2.18 2060 1980 2030 2040 2000 1970 1980 2040 1950 2000 • 2000 1950 1.72 0.78 1.37 2.36 1900 1920 1980 1930 Chipman _Burpee Strip13). 73.2 16.4 7.0 2.7 12.90 . 2422 12. SaniTleishrt% iUrirelf 4nOrelc=tji" coal. 3 Mine Run sample. 175. The one sample of "soft" coal for which ash analyses velu available indicated very clearly the influence of-oxidation followed by subsequent leaching out of the soluble products of oxidation. The silica and alumina are high and .the iron oxide is low. This change in the relative proportions of refractory to bases makes itself evident in the increased fusibility of the ash. Thee, ',,:::,re has apParently been due entirely to the oxidatioù of iron pyrites and the leachitg out of the soluble sulphates formed. • • The distribution of the various forms - in which the sulphur occurs in the coals, that is, - the Sulphate, pyritic and organic sulphur, is:shown in Table VI under the respective mine designations. The comparative results for the composites of sizes from 0 to 4 inches are shown below. Sulphur Forms Area & Ttal Mine sulphur As Percentage of Total Sulphur Sulphate Pyritic Organic sulphur sulphur sulphur % ■■■■■•■■■■■ •■■■ North Minto West b7.713'e 5.78 1.9 68.5 29.6 Miramichi 6.52 2.1 61.4 36.5 South Minto --WPdie 7.98 3.1 72.4 24.5 Bothwell 7.15 2.7 68.5 28.8 Avon 7.73 3.4 71.2 25.4 Winterport 7.54 -.7 66.3 30.0 . Melton . 7.94 3.8 67.9 28.3 Kelley 6.57 2 3 65.0 32.7 Yeamads 7.04 2.7 68.8 28.5 Newcastle Brid e Newcastle 6.44 2.5 64.1 33.14 Black Diamond 5.88 3.1 59.4 37.5 *McDougal (Hard) 8.54 2.3 71.0 26.7 Chipman Myles Slope 7.18 2.4 63.1 34.5. Long Creek Strip 6.62 2.6 62.5 34.9 Broderick (Hard) 9.73 4.1 65.8 30.1 King Shaft 6.39 2.5 64.3 33.2 "Soft" Coal Newcastle Bridge *McDougai 2.48 6.9 18.5 74.6 Chipman *Burpee Strip 2.41 5.4 12.0 82.6 *Broderick , 5.74 8.5 _ 50.9 40.6, *MIlle Run Sample 176. The various forms of sulphur are fairly uniform for'all the coals sutdied, showing a high p:,--ritic sulphur and a low or- ganic sùlphur. The analyses -fnr the "soft" coals corroborate very conclusively the contention that in weathering the iron pyrites has been oxidized and leached out. Thus the pyritic sul- phur is - low& the sulphate eulphur and organic sulphur is high. It should also be noted that, in a general way, the fines are somewhat higher in pyritic sulphur than, the coarser sizes. However the concentration of pyrite in the fines . is not nearly as high as in the coals of certain other fields examined This more uniform distribution of pyrite between the various sizes is no doubt due to the fact that the pyrite is present to a large degree in adLsseminated form intimately mixed with the matrix of the coal. . • Fusain _ The distribution of fusain in the Minto coals studied is also shown in Table VI. The following table shows the distri- bution of the fusain Ln the different sizes as indicated by the values for the composites. ■■••■•••••■* Fusain as Per Cent of Pure Coal Area Mine 1/8-4 in. 0-1/8 in ____ ____L____ % --- North Minto West Slope 3.42* 6.15 Miramichi 3.02 5.66 South Minto Tweedie 3.59 5.97 Rothwell ..... 3.39 624 Avon 3.42 6.26 Winterport 4.18 7.12 Welton 4.58 6.24 Kelley ...... 3.26 6.04 Yeamans ..... 5.42 7.07 Newcastle Bridge Newcastle , 5.27 6.02 Black Diamond.. 3.38 4.70 McDougar(Hard) 5.00+ ..... Chipman ' Myles Slope.... 3.84 6.56 Long Creek Strip 4.60 7.55 - Broderick (Hard) 4.02 12.70 King Shaft 4.04 6.82 "Soft" Coal Newcastle Bridge McDougal 2.74+ .... Chipman Burpee Strip 4.62+ 6.74 Broderick 4.27+ ------ * Sample here was 3/4-4 in. + Mine Run Sample. 177. The fusain content of the coals from the various mines is fatrly uniform and similar to other coals of this rank. The comparaütve valuegaindicate that there is a concentration in the fines, but it is to be noted.that this concentration is nt . nearly as great as in -most coala. It would appear that this is .due to the fact that, as the . fusain in Minto coal is loaded with pyrite it is rather tough'and does not tend to break down as readily to form fines and dust as the softer fusains of most other coals. . • Classification By_Rank The ranks of the coals in the Minto coalfield, according to the S.V.I. (Specific - Volatile Index) system of calssification, is shown in Table XII under the respective mine désignations. The S.V.I. classification is usually considered specially suitable forluse in classifying coals for the .'y-nroduct coking industry, but has been found to be .very adaptable for general classification, especially for certain b?rderline coals. The table below gives a cpmparson of the rank of - the Minto coals as judged by the S.V.I. system and by th's3 A.S.T.M. method. This latter method has been intemationally adonted for the scientific classification of North American coals. According to nhe S.V.I. classification the normal Minto coab are quite unform in rank varying from parabituminous (gas) coals to orthobituminous (by-product) coals, with the I maority of them being on the borderline. The "soft" coals, however, by reason of their C!.idation during weathering show a depression in their rank to the subbituminous class. However it should be noted that these coals are lower in volatile matter than true subbituminouscrala, and thus fall into a different type. It is important to observe that the A.S.T.M.,classification does not differentiate between the nprmal and highly oxidized "Soft" coals, placing them all in the samé rank, namely High Volatile A bituminous. This sys‘,.:em of classifieation does not appear to Oatfrtrie,ï7f.7,. ndicate many of the differencel noted in coals. However, examination of the moist mineral-matter-free calorific values of the above cols upon which the A.S.T.M. classification is dependent indicate a substantial difference between the normal and "soft" coab,the normal coals averaging about 15500 B.t.u. per lb. and the "soft" coals about 14,700 B.t.u. per lb. North Minto -"West Slope Miramichi..., South Minto • Tweedie Rothvell Avon....., Winterport Welton . Kelley Yeamans Newcastle Bridge Newcast e ••• 178. S.V.I. Classification ji in. slackl - S.V.I. Group & Rank A.S.T.M. Classification Ili- in. slack) Rank 183.8 F: Orthobituminous 181.7 F: Orthobituminous 179.1 F: Orthobituminous 175.6 E&F: Para to Orthobituminous 173.9 E: Parabituminous 171.6 E: Parabituminous 173.9 E: Parabituminous 179.4 F: Orthobituminous 177.2 F: Orthobituminous 175.6 E&F: Para to Orthobituminous F: Orthobituminous F: Orthobitliminous F: OrthobituMinous E: Parabituminous F. Orthobituminous E. Parabituminous High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High Vol. High . Vol. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit. A Bit.- A Bit. Black Diamond.... 179.2 McDougal (Hard) , 179.2 Chipman • MyTUU Slope 176.4 Long Creek Strip 173.2• Broderick (Hard) 177.5 King Shaft 174.0 Newcastle Bridge McDougal Chipman -"BurFée,Strip Broderick "Soft" Coal • 151.5 C: Subbituminous 155.7 C: Subbituminous 160.3 C&D: Sub-to.. Parabitiminous High Vol. A Bit. High Vol. A Bit. High Vol. A Bit. Washing Characteristics Laboratory washing tests on the coals from the various mines in the Minto coalfield were conducted in .the standard manner on the 1 inchdack, and on the 1 to 4 inch lumps in several cases, as described in the Appendix. The results ob- tained are shown in a series of tables and curves in Chapter III Float and Sink Data for lizinch slack The data obtained by the float and sink - tests with respect to ash and sulphur for the li- inch slacks are given in Table VII under the respective mine designations. The inherent ash and sulphur contents, as indicated by the analyses of the fractions floating at a specific gravity of 1,30, are shown in the following table. Area & Mine North Minto liffieretif7Asr and sulphu• Ash -Uulphur 179. . . The inherent ash, and sulphur contents of the coals are medium te highHand more or less uniform whereas, the yield of . relatively pure coal is comparatively low-and.iaries to some aztent .. - A low yield of low gravity coal is ..usually_associated with high inherent ash. The high... inherent sulphur content of - these'iicals.may be attributed to the faet that the pyrites in . - these ecials is present to .a large extent in a.fintily•disseminated form, embedded in the body of the coal. As iS to bé - éxpected. the "soft":coals have a-lower inherent ash 7 than the normal coals, . and the yield of relatively pure coal-is comparativèlynhigh. , . The complete chemical analyses and. ah fusibilities of the fractions separated at the various gravitieS . hreiShown in Table VIII and IX under the respective minedeSighations. In all cases, the heavier the material,_that i4 the - higher the mineral . matter, the lover are the volatile Matter . and'fixed • • carbow. - In addition,the coking properties of the fradtlenS, as • judged by the b ,,.7. - ton obtained at 950C,decreases with an increaSe ol recovery ., Teh -ln . at 1.30 ... unwashed specific gravity coal Per cent of total Per cent West,Slope Miramichi South Minto fweedie Rothwell.. Auon Winterport Welton... ..... Kelley . Yeamans Newcastle Briqm Newcastle Black Diamond McDougal Chi man • y es Slope •Long Creek Strip Broderick (Hard) King Shaft 5.4 2.5 3.6 2.8 5.3 2.9 3.9 3.1 3.7 2.6 4.4 2.6 5 • 3 3.5 3.7 3.0 3.6 2.8 4.5 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.2 2.5 4.0 3.3 4.1 3.2 4.9 3.5 3.8 3.0 20. 8 19.3 17.1 12.8 11.8 "Ti.1 8.1 10.1 5.6 35.8 15.5 •19.1 14.6 6.9 22.6 23.1 16.5 11.0 •15.3 • 17.7 17.8 19.1 13.4 16.5 16.6 13.8 14.1 17.8 16.3 20.4 21.3 , "See Coals •Newcastlel3ridge , , .• McDotig-TirT2Y.... 2.1 --- Chi man urpee Strip.... 2.7 •, 2-4. Broderick (2)... 3.6 (17 Hard or normal coal and "iocoal mixed as minUa-77 (2) Mine run. 43.6 7.. 4 82.6 6.6 36.5 13.0 Area & Mine 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.1 4.4 0.0 180. • • gravity of separation., This is especially noticeable in those fractions sinking at a specific,grabity of 1.50. The ash fusi- bility for the vari= fractions is loW and unîl'Iorta similar to the mine run coal. If thu pyrties were nOt present-to a great degree In a finely disseminated fort one might have ex-:ected that the clean fractions would Show a somewhat higher asil fusibility than the heavier fractions. Float and Sink Data for 1*-4 inch Lumps. - The data obtained by the float and sink tests for the 1*-4 inch lumps are given in Table IXA under the-respective mine designatipns. The inherent ash contents as indicated by the analyses 'of the fractions floating at a specific gravity of 1.30 are shOwn in the following table. North Minto -RTFamichi • South Minbo • Welt -On Kelley Yb amans NeWcabtle Brid e Newcastle • Black Piamond McDoùgal (Hard) Chipi.en Myles Mope Long'Cijieek Striie; Broderick (Hard) King Shaft trbal-llecover-5,' Ibherent Ash at 1.30 Ash Specific gravity -% Per cent of total 47.7 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.7 7.7 4.7 1.4 8.5 4.6 --- 0.0 6.1 9.6 -As-K-1Yr- unwashed çoal. Per cent 14.2 • 15.0 • 11.2 • -14.3 14.4 15.6 17.6 • 15.6 13.4 20.5 16.1 8.2 ' The - inherent ash of the 1f-k. Inch lumps is ciiiite high and varies appreciab)y for the various Coals tested ., whereas with the .exception of one case, the yield of comearatiVèly pure coal ts - very low. In two cases none of the coal. floatbd-at a • specific travity•of,1.30. •• Z 4 14.2 11.8 deb MOB em 87. 1 am Me .1ell lee ■■■■ ■■■■ Me ee OM mm ee em Me me ee me me 15.0 13.3 11.2 10.2 14.3 11.9 14.4 13.8 15.6 15.3 17.6e 11.8 15.6 14.1 13.4 12.9 20.5 14.5 89.3 95.0 96.9 74.5(3) 92.6 97.9 73.0 ■■■■ ■ Oe M ■ 181. Washing at a Selected Gravity Simple wet washing, as indicated by the +0. 10 speclfic gravity distribution curves, was effected for all the l inch slacks by separation at a specific gravity of 1.60. The results of washing the l inch slacks at the selected gravities are pre- sented in Table X which shows the analyses of the clean coal and refuse fractions. The table below shows the ash contents of the 1 -1 inch slacks and the ii-4 inch lumps of the various coals be- fore and after washing, together with the quantity of clean coal reclaimed. Ti - inch slack- • Ash ContentS Clean Raw Clean coal coal coal Re- claimed 1E4 inch lumps Ash Contents CTUan coal coal coal Re- claimed Mine West Slope 23.1 9.7 72.6 Miramichi 16.5 9.8 85.0 Tweddie » 17.1 11.5 82.8 Rothwell 15.3 9.9 91.4 Avon 17.7 11.2 74.6 Winterport 17.7 11.1 80.5 Welton 19.1 11.7 80.3 Kelley 13. 1, 10.0 89.2 Yeamans 16.5 10.8 87.2 Newcastle 16.6 9.3 82.6 Black Daimond 13.8 9.2 86.6 McDougal(2) 14.1 8.4 88.5 Myles Slope . 17.8 12.6 82.0 Long Creek 16.3 11.8 80.4 . Broderick (3) 20.4 12.6 78.0 Broderick (4) 11.8 8.3 90.7 King Shaft 21.3 10.3 79.2 =,=_, _ 16.1 15.2 _27 - 7 mixed. îlT Separated at 1.50 gravity 712T Normal.and 'soft ff coal 3 Normal coal only. 4 "Soft" coal-Mine Run. In sofar as the l inch slack fa concenned simple washing, equivalent to a separation at 1.60 specific gravity reduced the ash content to between 9.7% and 12;6% with an aver- age of approximately 10,5% irrespective of the ash content of the raw coal. The quantity of clean coal reclaimed vas more or less related to the ash content of the raw coal, the higher the ash content generally the lover was the quantity of clean product recovered.The average amount of recolyerable clean coal considering all the mines was approximately 83.0%. The Sulphur content vas reduced from an average of about 7.3% to an approximate value of 5.8%. ■•••■•1.1.1M. 22.5 58.3 18.1 51.8 15.1 41.0 13.7 49.7 20.0 47.6 20.6 46.3 19.3 50.2 8.8 40.9 13.1 38.8 13.7 49.9 13.5 42.2 13.6 50.0 18.0 44.3 15.2 44.7 19.1 38.5 17.8 17.2 15.9 15.8 16.6 15.1 16.5 16.6 13.9 18.1 14,6 18.6 18.6 18.5 17.1 18.4 17.3 41_5 182. The li-4 inch lumps did not Isnd themselves very well to cleaning, separation at a'gravity of 1.60, only raducing the ash from an average of about 15.4% to an average of about 13.2%, vith recoverable clean product amounting to on the average 88.9%. Table X shows the fusain and sulphur contents, as well as the sulphur forms of the clean coal, refuse,,and unwashed coal for the li-inch slack of each mine. The average fgsain content for all the coals examined vas about 4.8%, and on washing the clean coal fractions showed an average reduction to 3.7% and the refuse indicated a concentration of fusain toebout 9.8%. The average sulphur content, on'the as received basis, for all the coals was about 7.3% and on washing at a specific gravity of 1.60 thé sùlphur oontent cf the cleart coal was reduced to an average of 5.8%, and the refuse showed a concentretion, on the average of 15.1% total sulphur. This concentration of the iron pyrites in the refuse is illrecbly proportional jp the concen- tration fusain, indicating that the bulk of the pyrite which can be washed out of the coal is present in the fuasin which becomes separated from the coal oa degradation due to mining, handling and/or crushing. It is of interest to note that the sulphur in the refuse due to pyrite is on the avera:e about 80% of the total sulphur, that is, about 12.1% of the refuse. Mis indicates that about 22.6% of t>lé refuse is iron p7rite :14ch probably could be ooncentrated and reclaimed, as such; if required . A further reduction in sulphur than that indicated would be difficult or impossible as a lar'ge proportion of the pyrite is present in a finely , disseminated form embedded in the coal matri::. Hêfuse Sinks 1.60 Quantity Ash Clean coa.:. Floats 1.40 Quantity . AUE- 1104•■■■■•■■•■•■•■•■••• West Slope 57.4 6.0 Miramichi 60.6 6.9 l'reedie 50.0 7.4 Rothvell 60.6 7.5 Avon . 40•2 6.3 Winterport 48.6 7.6 Welton 39.5 7.4 Kelley 66.2 7.2 Yeamans 36.3 6.3 Newcastle 61.7 6.5 Black Diamond 50.4 5.4 McDougal 78.1 6.4 Myles Slope 51.4 7.1 Long Creek Strip 58.4 7.5 Broderick (Hard) 39.6 7.9 King_Shaft - _ _ EnalIngs,„ Sinks 1.40 FloatS 1.60 Quantity -a-- 20.1 21.3 34.9 25.7 39.8 30.8 41.2 25.0 50.6 24.6 36.1 8.3 30.6 26.4 39.3 2'5.5 Mine 183-. If a cleaner coal fraction from the l inch àlack than that-obtainable by simple washing is requieed, two cuts might be made one for example at a gravity of - 1.40 and the other at 1.60, producing three products, clean coal e middlings and refuse; the middlings 'being a product which would be satisfact- ory for all industrial uses where the 13- inch slack is used in . the unwashed condition. Several examples on the above baais, calculated from the float 'and sink data are shown above. On the basis of the data shown in the table on the average ftpproximately 53.5% of a clean coal product containing approximately 6.(.1 ash can be reclaimed by washing at 1.40. The middlings product, reclaimed between 1.40 and 1.60 would average about 30% of the total 11 inch slack and contain approxi- mately 16.8% ash, in comparison to about 17.3% ash for the un- washed 1 -1 inch slack. The above fractions would be theoretically possible with an average refuse amounting to 16.5% of the total coal and uontaining approximately 46.4% ash. The above averages unweight,d, are considered representative - of what might be ex- pected, because the coal over the whole field, with few exceptions, is remarkable uniform in quality. Table XI presents in detail the results obtained by washing various sobeened sizes of the 1 -1 inch slack coals at the gravity selected as representing simple wet washing. Generally speaking, although the finer sizes are higher in ash,they show, as great, if not a somewhat greater reduction in ash than the coarser sizes; vith, however, a greater loss in refuse. The 3/4- in. sizes washed down to an average of 11.3% ash, the 1/8- 3/k in. down to 10.2% ash, and the 0-1/8 in. fine to 10.0% ash. It should be noted that such fine coal, as the 0-1/8 in. size, is not readily cleaned by ordinaty dry or wet washing processes, and the results indicate only what should be theoretically ex- pected with a process that would be suitable, for example, - ône based on the principle of froth flotation. Cokins_properties The coking properties of the coals from the Minto coal- field, as indicated by laboratory tests, are shown in Table XII under the r - ;spective mine designations. Swelling Index Test Th.: results of the Swelling index test, which serves to predict the physical properties of the by-product coke made from a given coal, are given in Table XII. The table below ' presents the comparative pertinent dats on the washed 1.1- inch slack coals. ...11.1•■■•••••■■■■■•■• 49 58 59 51 54 60 Fair rair Fair Fair 176.4 173.2 177,5 174.0 184. The normal coals mined in the Minto area are very uni- form insofar - as their coling.properties,. as indicated b the " swelling index. , are concerned..Accorditg to . thrS test the - Minto coals exhibit'pobr, ,swelling properties and would-thus not make the most suitable -type:of-br-product coke when processed by themselves in - standard:by7product . ovenP....HoWever, admixture-with requis ite quantities of high Swelling:1'0W veatile -coals , would: , undoubtedly result in a good grade of producti«By the use of-.., ot,her types of carbonization processes it would, it seems, be possible to produce a good domestic coke from the coal when used alone. Volatile matter at 600°c (Dry basis) Swelling index Gray Remarks S.V.I. Caking index Area & Mine 30.9 388 . Fair 183.8 49 31.8 475 Fair 18 - . 7 49 28.9 467 Fair 179.1 6 0 31.1 418 Fair 175.6 62 29.1 515 Fair 173.9 54 30.1 485 Fair 175.9 50 30.5 443 . Fair 179.4 59 29.9 452 Fair 177.2 57 31.4 478 Fair 175.6 31.7 505 Fair 179.2 27.5 73 practically 164.1 • non- -coking North Minto -ITUIFUTUT)e Miramichi South Minto Tweed le Rothwell Avon Welton ...... Kelley Yeamans Newcastle Black Diamond McDougal(1) Chipman Myles Slope Long Creek Strip Broderick....... King Shaft • 3urpeeifitrip.... 28.1 178 non-coking 155.7 ,11:2(là;16k- (1) Normal atiTIT'b'oft coal mixed Caking Index (2ray Method) The result of this test for the various run of mine samples of coal from Minto are shown in the table abc';- e. Although there appears to be some variation, it should be noted that the YerY nature of the test such that close aireemont is not to oe expected, and thus the variation cannot be considered as very great. Generally it may be conalened that the caking properties arefairly high. Oxidation as a result of weathering has appreci- ably reduced the caking properties of the "soft" coals. 31.9 30.3 30.0 32.1 648 561 1400 654 Soft Coal 178 26 non-cokinà_169„3 _34 185. With regard to the coking properties of the Mints coal it is of interest to note that because of the relatively high ncaking" properties, it is conceivable that a proportton. of inert material, such as finely ground doke, could be added vith bene- ficial results in so far as the quality of by-product coke that could be produced 18 concerned. A-1 Appendix DESCRIPTION AND SIGNIFICANCE GP TESTS EMPLOYED IN 'PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SURVEY OF COALS FROM CANADIAN COLLIERIES (BUREAU OF MINES - MUORANDUM SERIES) The various tests described herein were employed at the Fuel Researe.--- Laboratories for studying the chemical and physical characteristics of (ton-lot) samples of coal from Ca- nadian collieries. Th data obtained by these tests have served for making a comparative scientific and ecnnomic evaluation of the coals examined. Tests For Physical properties Size Distribution By_Screen_Analysis The size distribution of the (run-of-mine) coal sam- ples was determined, with slight rc , ificationswhere necessary, according to the Tentative Method of Test for Screen Analysis of Coal, A.S.T.M Desisnation D 410-35T, as described in the A.S.T.M. puolication 'Standards on Coal and Coke" prepared by' Committee D-5, October 1938. Screens from the following series were used:- 1. Round-hole screens:- Plato screens with 4, 3, 2, l, 1, .3/4, 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 inch diameter openings; and 2. Sieves:- Wire-cloth Tyler sieves with square openings of ' 10, 20, 48, 60 and 100 meshes to the linear inch. The nearest equivalent A.S_T.M. designations for the above sieves are respectively: 1680, 840, 297, 250 and 149 microns (A.S.T.M. Designation E-11) It is becoming increasingly evident that the perfor- mance of mechanical stokers, gas producers, an1 other coal burning appliances are dependent not only on the average and 'absolute' size of the fuel used but also on the size distribu- tion or range of sizes, and fuel technologists are conducting considerable research on this subject. Bennett(1) has shown how the problem can be attacked by studying the physical nature of the process of breakage of coal and by making use of Rosin and Rammler's law, which governs the distribution of size in the materialobtained in the course of its mining and subsequent breakage. Since the application to coal of that law is still a subject of discussion, the 'size distribution' and 'absolute' size' constants have not been generally utied— HoYever;41 0r1. del, te ,'Ica,m'a,r* the diCferent physicial.and zhgmicaL S11TVe.:0 ellze i;he,op,M4s(;)ten calculated according to the methud used by Smith(2)(5). A-2 where the percentage weight of each screen size is multiplied by itsUrespective average screen hole diameter in inches, the sum total being the average (partiU) size of the coal. Density Appment specific_gravity, or 'lump , density, equals the wieght of unIt-iionme of-ae solid fuel as a lump, including cracks and fissures ash and moi:Jture. This physical property was determined by a modification of the A.S.T.M method for coke as outlined under A.S.T.M. Des.ignation D 167-24. The modified apparatus and proeedure as developed by the Fuel Research Labo- ratories, has been reported in R.I.C.S. No. 35(3), as yet unpu- blis:sed. Bulk density equals the wieght of the dry, or wet, fupl contalned Ih a unit volume of packing space. This physi- cal characteristic vas detemined according to the Standard Me- thod of Test • For Cubie root Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal, A.S.T.M. DeSgnation D '2?91-29. , el'hé bulk density is a characteristic of coal which has a bearing ul:Y.:n the filling of such sraces as bunkers, freight cars, coke oven chambers, etc., and upon the storage of a given number of hea:_, units within a given volume. The bulk density of a coal dérends uron various factors such as: -arrarent specific gravity, particle size distribution, share of arti.- dies, moisture content, thickness of bed, relation between mean particle size and dimensions of layer , duration of storage..and Mode of-packing (height of fuel :shaking: statiping, etc.). .Hence, as pointed out by Rosin (4), ft is evident that bulk den- sity is not a "property of substance and is no exact characte- ristic" but a resultant of various factors. The bulk density of a coal will be equal to its lump density (apparent specific gravity) if the interspaces between the grains become so small that they are -completely filled by the adherent water retained 'sy the capillary forces acting in the minute interspaces. . 'Void' is the interspace volume between the coal par- tles. It is calculated as a percentage from: _ ( bulk density E75-x-E51-5-iirea—spec:21E-eâ-fifi ) x 100 and is highést for a bed consisting of particIsss of equal size. It incraases, however, inversely with the volume factor. The re'lestions between particle size, moisture, bulk density and 'void' are of great signlficance, especially for •• A-3 carboniZation, on acCount of their - influence on packing, heat tranSfer and formation of the plastic layer. These.relatiôns are alsô fundamental in considering the following: .- the de- • watering of coal by drainage, Whaking or àentrieuging; the prt- paration of coal-oil mixtures; the'dust --pro*ofing'of coal -r- by oil spraying; the pitch consumption in briquetting; and the deter- mination of the most economical compromise between the viscosi- ty of a coal-oil mixture and the velooity or the reaction in the hydrogenation of coal. Size Stability (and Friability) . . . . • Coal is a brittle heterogeneous material e'ontainie cracks and fissures. When 4 brittle material sùch as this,. which varics in strengt>, IS subjected to forces large enoue to cause fracture, it breaks up into smaller pieces of y4r7ing . sizes. mis readiness of coal to break into smaller pieces te" termed 'friability', which is a cunplex physical characteristic implyiiig size degradation. The antonyM of Ifriabilityy, as applied to coal, is 'size stability', and this may be conside- red to bè a measure of the handling*proberties or reebistance to breakage . of the coal, either as an aggregate of'llimps of the same size p or as a mixture of sizes . In the 'physical and che- mical survey reports the term' 'friability' has been employed: Methods for determining the comparative handling trc- pertieS of coal were devised and tested at the 'Fuel Research Laboratories in connection with the Programme of the 'Coal Friability' Sub-Committee of the Americkn Society for Testing . Materials (5). The Drop Shatter Test for Coal'. which is an A.S.T.M. Tentative Standard (6), has been used in this investi- gation fin) determining the comparative size stability ( and friability) or certain sizes and •dxtures of sizes. Friability per cent is 100 - size stability per cent. The grindability, or ease of pulverizing a material, is not a single physical property but is a composite factor .. - dependent upon a combination of such properties as strength, brittleness, hardness, etc. This factor Iras determined by the Tentative Method of Test for Grindability of Coal by the Hard- grove-machine Method, A.S.T.M. Designation D 409-31T: The me- thod gives‘ a measure of the relative grindability" of any coal in comparis6n with a standard 6oal chd.sen as 100 - gre.,ndability. The . coal chosen as a standard is a loW veatile run-of-mine' - product from Jerome Mine, Upper' Kittanning bed,'Somerset county, A-4 . . Pennsylvania Thé method is baSed'on Rittingerrs law(7), which states "The work done in pulverizing is proportional to the new surface produced". A sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer and the new surface is determined by sieving, greater resistande tO grinding being indicated by lower values. • Grindabllity figures refer" .only to'any given, or con- stant grinding system and connot be genérali.zed to Include other systems. Inasmuch as the term 'grindabilityl>inrlies a combi- nation of a group of physical properties and technical factors, the latter prevailing to a marked extant, - no absolute scale of grindability tb all grinding machines .can be established. According - to Rosin(4), "certain. rele'tions exdst between rarticle size, plever consumption and throughput, - but they are preatly mo- dified* and completely masked by . the - machine factor. 99 per cent. of the power consumption in pulverizers not belng utilized for disintegratiOn". • • • • • Some of the factors, other than Igrindabilityl, the influence industrial capacity of plevérizers are moisture and size of coal. According to an atticle "Factors in Ecunomical Grinding and Pulverizing"(8), when mills of - any type are opera- ted without.air7drying of thé coal "thé effect•of'the - surface - • • moisture becomes important: as increase' in moisture decreases • • the output disproportionately. The generaLeffeot . is to cause . : clogging of the fine material and prevent removal by the • air current so that the efficiency*of the'mill • s lovered." The effect varies with differenttypes Of -mills;.being greatest • with slow-speed mills of the ball-mill type and smallest with • the impact or beater pulvertters. Increasine the-size of the • feed normally tends to decrease the output and the efficiency of pulverizers. - - Tests For Chemical land Physico-chemical) ProPerties The various screened sizes of coal and the so-called - 'composites' (re-assembided screened sizes) were si.itcted to • chemical and physico-chemical analyses, as . outlined below. Proximate Analyses According to bone(10), "the usefulness of any riven coal for a particular purpose denende largel7 upon the yield of combustible 'volatile' matter exrelled when it is carbonized under certain specified conditions and uron the character of the resulting carbonaceous residue. From a prcerty conducted laboratory test (ordinarily known as ' proximate analysis') much A -5 valuable information may .be gained respecbing the economic va- lue of aven coal". A.S.T.M. Designation D 121-30, Standard Dyfinitions of Terms Relating to Coal and Coke, defines prozi- mateenalysis as the determination, by prescribed methods, of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash. The American Society for Testing Materials has devised standard mnthods ftr proximate analysis, -..rhich are published as Standard Methods of Laboratory Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke, under A.S.T.M. Designation D 271-37. The Fuel Research Laboratories, however, for various reasons, have retained slight modifications of these methods of analysis, but they do not vary to any great degree from the standards adopted by the A.S.T.M. Moisture-- For determinine tue moisture of a coal, that is thâ—E-6TUfilre retained after sufficient drying to allmw for crushing and grindine, one-gram quantities of the finely pulverized coal were dried for 105 minutes in s-y111 metal cap- sules. The drying was effected In a suitably c ,xistructed oven heated with toluene vapour at a temreraturP -0J:‘;1,:, , 105 and 108 ° C., with a current of preheated and dried carbon dioxide sweeping over the coal samples The standard specifies air Instead of COp, otherwise the method used corresponds to the published standard. - In the survey, only the moisture, as determined above, has -deen included, although the influence of surface or extra- neous moisture on the use of coal for various purposes is of real importance. As this extraneous moîsture is, havever, de- pendent upon many factors such as stage, drainage, change of atmosphericonditions, etc., a study of 'ohe surface moisture of the seam samples in a general survey vould not be of any sifnificance. Ash--The ash vas determined according to the standard method desUFTbed under A.S.T.M. Designation D271-37. One gram of the finely pulverized coal is ignited in an electric muffle at a controlled temperature between 700 and 750° C. The residual incombustible matter, which is a complex mixture of compotnds resulting from the dehydration and 'ignition of the inorganic impurities present in the coal, is reported as ash. Volatile Matter-- The volatile matter of the coal vas determined accoralng A.S.T.M. method Designation D 271- 37, with the exception that a Chaddock gas burner —as employed in preference to either a Meker burner or a vertical electric furnace. The method consists of plactne one gram of the sample in a covered platinum crucible and heating it over the Chaddock burner for a period of exactly seven tinutes, tbe' ."- --;o being so regulated as to rive a tempereure of 050' +90 C. The loss of weight minus the moisture equals the vmlatili; matter. A-6 Fixed Carbon-- The fixed carbon, which is that mate- rial remaiiirfiritrEéf-Ehe evolution of the moisture and volatile matter exclusive of aSh, is calculated as follows: 100 -(moisture +ash+volatile matter)- percentage of fixed carbon- Ultipte_Amlyses In A.S.T.M. Designation D 121-30, ultimate analysis is defined as the "determination of carbon and hydrogen in the mate'rial, as found in the gaseous products of its complete com- bustion, the determination of sulphur, nitrogen and ash in the material as a whole, and the estimation of oxygen. by difference. Total Sulphur-- The total s'ulphur content of the coals, vas determned-according to the Eschka method as described under Designution D 271-37, with the exception that the sam- ple was ignited at 700 to 750 ° C. instead of at the specified 800 ° C. 425 ° C. with the Eschka mixture. Thp. sulphhtes were then - leached-out and determined gravimetrically by precipitation with BaSO4, as specified. Carbon and Hydrogen-- The determination of carbon and hyarogen was-liâaé-TY a proceaure corresponding to A.S.T.M. De- signation D 271-37, using an electrically-heated combustion fur- nace. Nitrogen-- The Kjeldahl-Gunning method, as recommended under A.S.T.71711M-ignation D 271-37, was employed for .determini- • - ning the nitrrgen in the coals. . . . • . Oxx en-- As there is no satisfactory direct method for determining oxygen, it was estimated by subtracting the .sum of ' the percentage of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen,sulphur and:ash from 100. This result is,of coUrse,..effected.by any errors in- curred in the other determinations- - • • The gross calorif54 value of coal,'according: to A.S. T.M. Designation D. 407-35T, is "the heat produced by combustion of unit quqntity, nt constant volulte, in an oxygen bomb calori- ' meter under specified conditions". This value was determined with the Emerson bomb according to the method'described under A.S.T.M. Designation D 271-37. The calorific value of a col ià- an 1. important factor in its eval -.i.ation for stem raising'purpOses;*as -well as for the determination of its rank. The purse of - coal on«a . heat value A - 7 baais for steam rataing has'generally givén:satisfaction, and as aPtly stated by Grume11(10) "the knowledge and experience- acquired by systematic evaluation leads to better control.of subsequent fuel deliveries and,. in most cases, .to..more effi- cient performance in the bolier plant". The avérage calorific value - of a coarseam, calculated to the dry ash-free (or mine- ralrmatter-g.ree) basis, can be generally used as a check on commercial determinations. It should be noted, however, that calorific-value:alone is not entirely sufficient for compara- tive purposes, as the satisfactory use of a uoal often depends upon other Èactors as Wall, such as: moisture, ash, volatile matter, coking proPerties, size,friability, and possib17 the melting point of ash. . Fusibility of lush The fusibility of -the ashes of the coals was deter- mined by the standard method outlined in A.S.T.M. Deaignation D 271-37, using a modified Remmey fusion test furnace heated wlth acetylene and oxygen. By means of this method, three dif- ferent physical states of the ash cone under the inf1Ivn.3e of increasing temperatures are recorded. . • 1. The Initial Deformation Temperature--the temperature at which the apex of the cone begins to round or bend; 2. The Softening Temperature--the temperature at which the cone: fuses down to a.spherical shape; and - 3...The Fluid Temperature-- the temperature at which thetsh becomes fluid and spreads out over the plaque in a flat layer. The.ranges in temperature betWeen these points have been defined as follows: . • .a) Softening Interval--the range in temperature between . the intitf_al deformation and softening teMPerature; h) Fliild Interval—, the range in temperatUre between the softening and fluid temperatures;and c) Melting range-- the range in temperature between the initial deformation and fluid temperatures. Selvigi and Fieldner(II) have arbitrarily sub-divided the range of ash softening temperatures into three groups, as follows: • Class 1;Refractory ashes, softening above 2600°F, A-8 Class 2: Ashes of medium fusibility, softening between • 2200 and 2600°F.; and . Class 3: Easily fusible ashes, softening below 2200° F. The relationship of ash fuàibility to 31inker form- ation has been studied for many years, and it is aonceded that the tendency to form clinker is not definitely related to the softening temperature of the ash. The present status of the problem has been stated by Nicholls and Selvi*2) in discussing the results of their work. They conclude that no simple mea- sure of the nature of the ash, such as its fusibility. determined by an arbitrary method, can be expected to predict , closely, re- lative values of troubles resulting from a complex ash . passing through a set of conditions in which the temperature, time of exposure to that temperature, and travel of the ash are undefi- ned, uncertain and ependent on factors that are also variable. Recent investigations conducted at the Fuel Research Laborato- ries (13) corroborate the above general.statement. 2112,1112al_Analysis of the Ash The mineral matter in coal is composed mainly of com- pounds of silica, alumina, limé and iron, with smaller quanti- ties ofnagnesia, titanium, phosphorus and alkali compounds. According to Thiessen et al(14), "the minerals.comprizing the inorganic matter in coals are pyrite, calcite, kaolinite, de- trital clay and silice. C1L9mical analyse u of the ash, however, .show only the simple constituents present without indicating the manner in which they eldst in the coal as minerals. In such analyses, the following compounds are usually determined and reported: SiO2, Al203, Fe203, CaO,Mg0, Na20, K20, Ti02, P205, and 303. These analyses, which were conducted in the chemical laboratory of thz, Division of Metallic Minerals of the Bureau of Mines, were made with certain modifications according to the methods . qutlined in the Third Edition.of "Methods of The-Chemists of The United Staes Steel Corporation For The Sampling And Analysis of Coal, Coke and By-products" published by Carnegie Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and in "Methods For The Quantitative Analysis Of Coal Ash"--Physical and Cheniical Survey of the Na- tional Coal Resources No. 23, Department of Scientific and In- distrial Research, England. Sulphs1,_Forms The ellphur in coe.1 occurs in two principal forms, de- pending upon its origin, these being termed inorganic and organic. A-9 The inorganic sulphur appears in two forms known as sulphate sulphur and pyritic sultffiur. The organic sulphur is composed of resinic and humic.sulphur which,for all practical purpOses, may be considered as total organic sulphur. Powells(15) me- thods for determining quantitaU_vely these sulphur forms were employed, with slight modifications, for these determinations. Sulphate - aulputir was determined by treating the pul- verized coal with 3 per cent' hydrochloric acid for. 40 hours at 60 3 C., and estimating the sulphur it the.filtrate by precipita+ tion with BaC12. Pyi, itic sulphur was determined by digesting the - pul- verized coal with . 1.12 sp. gr . nitric acid—for. 96 hours'at - - room temperature, the oxidized pyrite - plus the ori , ina1 sul- phate being determined by precipitation with barium chloride, the pyritic sulphur -- eing calculated by' aubtracting the per- c -mtage of stilphur from the total inorganic sulphur. • Orgatic sulphur was estimated by - subtracting the to- tal inorganic sulphur from the,total sulphur, - • • . Information vith respect to the distribution of the forms of. sulphur usofuI, inasmuch as - it indicates the degree to which the sulphur contentcf- a coal may be reduced by washing proCesaes. . Fusain - The importance of fusain with respect toits influence on the spontaneous combustion of coal, and its effect on the coking propetiesi -nécessitatG- s' a st -ady of its quantitative dis- tribution-between-the various ooal sizes. The method adopted with certain modifications for this det2ion was that of Heathcoat(16). This methed takes advantage of the fact that, In bituminous coals,fusain is more résistant to 'xidation than the other coal - constituents. 'Hence, after oxidizing the inso- luble humio-material to an alkali-soluble - hilmic substance, the more resiatant fusain is collected by filtration, dried and ignited, and reported as "per cent dry ash-free fusain in dry ash-free coal". A great deal of information with respect to coal washing may be obtained by stdying the distribution of fusain in conjunction With the distribution Of the forms . of sulphur. Inasmuch as fusain is usully very porous in structure, it is often loaded with pyrite, and by reason of its friable nature it is usuallY concentrated in the fine coal dust. Eimination of fusaitIoaded with pyrite,•by screening may result in a far A-10 greater reduction in the total sul ir content of the coal than would be obtained by a washing process. The influence of fusain on coe structure is well known. Mott and Wheeler(17) have shown that the addition of this constituent in moderate amounts (usually about three per cent) to by-product oven charges of good coking coals permits the production of atblockier' and stronger coke of larger size. For coals ;nth poor caking strength, however, the addition of fusain resuits in a weaker and sootier coke, and its removal from the charge is usually considered to be beneficial. The influence of fusain on spontaneous combustion of stored coals is rather uncertain. Experiments by Stopes and Wheeler(18) led them to consider it improbable that fusain had a preponderating influence in prompting the actual ignition of the coal after self-heating had begun. They, however, conside- red it possible that "the rapid absorption of oxygen by fusain at low temperatures might be attended:by a sufficient evolution of heat to raise appreciably the temperature of the main mass' of the coal, thereby causing the most inflammable ingredient, vitrain, to react more rapidly with oxygen". Classification Of Coal By_ilarl A.00mmittee of the American Society for Testing Mate- rials (A.S.T.M.) has been studying various methods of coal clas- sification for a number of years and has recently published standard specifications* for c7ssification of opal both by rank and by grade. Prior to this, the Fuel Research Laborato- ries of the Canadian Bureau of Mines employed ie 'specific . • volatile Index' (19) method of coal classification, and as this method serves to classify coals fc -e specific purposes, the two methods have been used for the coals reported herewith. A.S.T.M. Classification_131 288-8 This method classifies coals by rank according to their fixed carbon and calorific values calculated to the mi- neral-matter-free basis. The higher rank coals are classified by fixed carbon on the dry basis, whereas the lower rank coals are classified by the B.t.u. per pound value on the moist basis. Agglomerating and weathering properties are used to differen- tiate between certain adjacent groups. MM■••••■•••■•■■•■■••■••■•••••■■■■■•••••■■■••■•••■•■••■•■■■•■■•■■••■■■ * See A.S.T.M. Delignations D 388-38 and D 389-38 in reference (6), also "Report on the A.S.T.M. Standard Specifications For Classification of Coals by Rank and by Grade and Their Appll- cation to Canadian Coals"N.R.C. No. 814—National Research Council of Canada. I 8- LiVirUMMIOUS SUB + /v,vc zs- CLASSIFICATION or COALS oP US! IN DIE fiY-PRODUC1 COKING INDUSTRY EMPLOYING PROXIM.411 ANALYSIS AND CALORIFIC VALUES •ye 4,0 CI Sc 20 cl R en rrh tateorab3ntr, ,utniond f Mmes, Ottew , ft, -• (5, Zi] 139 NON 4 al me ea a, 4w 1, eA fir c +. //VG (0e or re,m,:r 1 cnet eSt .9) TYPICAL BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN YIELDS DiCliori •-,„, r re /4 rum ,a5.1,Z,vr .1, Me I le 1 . MA 0.11S 46,71510 I NO NO 5. 5'5 540 1 A I- ,c4o GAS 4n4i.S PAM -retied.= 44/1J1 / art - (ee; -0, ron,4 olik0 /4,6 evAls G 10 Pe/ Hi I it.w4Y; letIS P 1. t„,,v0‘ ■.■ tt!,/,Vi,, t- II/ ce ! ,1,433/9'.!1(9.3/(9 COALS 90 A ,VT,Y41C/ 7, 4'0 /JO /10 1 210 220 230 , 1 . r i 1 i /CV 1,0 Id,. /90 200 SPEC/F/C VOZ A T/LL /SDFX - ' 7>e"Mf-i_evrAr;," z"1 ' AC ,.° ,--' - " ' ‘" OR)" Ash. /et' 845/3 Chart 1 250 A-11 A.S.T.M. Classification By Rank - As Per Designation D 388-38 Limits of Fixed Carbon (F.C.) and B.t»u.(mineral-matter-free basis' Classes and Groups,: I. Anthracitic class . 1. Meta-anthracite group DryF.C .., 98 per cent or more. 2. Anthracite group Dry F.C., 98 to-92 per cent. 3. •.;emi-anthracite group Dry F.C., 92 to 86 per cent, non- - agglomerating. IL Bituminous class 1. Loy volatile group... Dry F.C., 86 to 78 pp', cent. 2. Medium volatile group Dry F.C., 78 to 69 per cent. 3. High volatile A group Dry F.C., less than 69 per cent and moist B.t.u. 14,000 or more .4. High volatile B group Moist B.t.u.,14,000 to 13,000. 5. High volatile C group Moist B.t.u.,13,000 to 11,000, either agglomerating or non- , weathering. III. Sabituminous class 1. Subbituminous A group Moist B.t.u., 13,000 to 11,000, both weathering and non- agglomerating. 2. Subbituminous B group Moist È.t.u., 11,000 to 9,500. 3. Subbituminous C group Moist B.t.u., 9,500 to 8,300. IV. Lignitic class 1. Lignite group ' Moist B.t.u.,less than 8,300 • (consolidated) 2. Brown coal group' 'Moist B.t.u., less than 8,300 / unconsolidated‘ Specific Volatile Inde2s 11.SAM2M1-2/3 This method-is based on the heating value of the vo- latile matter, the values or indices obtained arranging coals in increasing.value from peats to- anthracites according to their rank. The index is calculated.according to the following for7 mula:- Determined B.t.u. - (14,500 x weiet of fixed carbon' - S.V.I. •Per cent of volatile matter For ordinary purposes, the index is calculated on the dry, or dry•ash-free, basis, but when the ash content is over 10 per cent and the Sulphur over 1.5 per cent the calculation is t.:-Ite* on the tunit coal basist (A.S.T.M. DesignaUon D 388-38T). A-12 In accordance with this classification, coals are arbitrarily divided into the following groups._ . . 'Unit Coal' Volatile Natter Range S.V.I. Limits Per Cent Brown lignites... 82 - 99 * ' 40 - 70 Black lignites... *99 - 125 . • 36 - 55 Sub-bituminous.:. 125 - 160 - 35 - 50 Para-bituminous.. 160 - 175 28 - 45 -Ortho-bituminous. 175 - 190 21 - 35 Meta-hituminous.. '190 - 210 21 - 28 Semi-bitunfinous.. 210 - 230 14 - Semi-anthracite.. 230 - 255 .9 - 16 Anthracites , 255 - 300 3 - 10 By noting the position of a .coalon à chart, as per Chart I, according to r;k3 S.V.I. and volatile matter, it is possible to predict with a fair degree of accuracy the charac- teristics'of the coal with respect to its behaviour in a by-' producbcoke over and the approximate yield of by-product to be expected. These characteristics are indicated in the table inserted in the lower left hand corner of Chart.I,.in -which, it is to be noted, the data are on the dry ash-free basis. Coking Properties . Sire.11i__riz_Itidex Test In. order to Ptedict the physical properties of the (by-product) coke made from any given coal, a laboratory test was developed at the Fuel Research Làboratories of the Canadian Bureau of Mines and was published by the Mines Branch(20). This test consists of determining the volatile matter and the per- centage swelling of theco button at a temperature of 600 ° C. From these data, the s ,jelling index is calculated and, by the aid of a coke classification chart, shown as Chart II, the coal is located in a particular•group. The various.groups are arbi- trarily delimited according to 'the known physical properties of .the cokes made . from coals in these groups. • In addition u the use of.this test for the by-product coke industry, its value is indicated in other fields. From a paprr given at the A.I.M.E. meeting in 1937 by H.F. Hebley, viz: "Economics of Pre:; -.Ane Coal For Steam Generation" and reviewed in the Iron And Coal Trades Review (February 11; 1938, p. 277), the author may be quoted in parts - as folloWs:- 'With coal of a highly-coking mature, the swelling characteristics often have a great influence on the ability of a stoker to maintain its load When the use of underfeed stokers is considered; the .0a9 1.2/5 10 35 5 i . -1 0 -220 o 41),9 3oo la2 500 .CV 249 etW SCO /eUl 1450 1209 ÀJCW AU9 7.%" sweLL, too ) S;UtLIM'a IA/DZ.-A ( 09i,1771./.- I i i 1 ! i • ■ , , ' i ! : 1 ; • . I I F14.4eiLif" •• :: /1.9,',?5,9S1.7. -2 13, ,-eEs V I 1 ! . siz 7,- • eL, , _ .; '"e «>''''-'""r>'•-r----....--" Ps:A „",,,,, 'Mien- t_' 2••••••-,"‘Z- .1... ..... - ••••"- lee.$7-Avcie.4..ms! ire ,„-£.....a,.. OF '949f 497F 1A1 43e. i ' I sgE 457V de 3- I S,i177r..' Wel' I : riefi. '1;4 liVe-'9' fe . Vill. 1 .i. 1 1 I / e i lit ,.. . , , I I ; P I , k.i bisEiyomùze J%. i i &f- ory).=y4w.--£ occe . s-4-s I à .,,,,,»,,n-1.q...?Er..,A9 t pop', TY lArREAS ' . 5i8M47 /ell/ 'e.:)' l'CRF-AMS i ! ,48k4-'0,41{' le 1 10'.:ST £9...,;;AZASES i iltiST GE EA. .e. ,. eN/117-ii? erfx /Nr."--,184S t51-44 ■ .4 //Vat"X PIC EASE' . t size- MCREASES efZE /ii■CYC41:3Z.:; ' 1 .3. OE i 71.X./GHAteill:Vel?.:1:45& le4. RD ES'S flitegE.4.-ES . il 1 1 1 I i I 1 ... , , ..›.. 1 xg. , It ., • COKING ; ! i 1 1 I , . i 4. , -- cs. eofteel Sh47TER J.4&.739 I De:. vse r emaczeiAfte-Aemre l ceos3 cELL weere 1,,,,- ... _..„0,4%01/8.91 SAMPE $PCLIC.! weeere e.,yemr..e.: !FN.:en/et 7e-rue $0W , ..w.sleinfze.saritem.-ttieeriouvr e;-ttcr- 7 1 ,M4103/ff rtite éxbr.. ales Avi_ ,,,,xR.9 I 100-1/1711- NYE XZ5-10 '955.50 -2C.15-5.:53. 5 7:9. 45,e .435 ....,fe 5T2LL- 0.4Y 5..414/tE 1,;-1.9.0 4.691/91 e , S414111. DENSE ere, AOSE I 4,49 .54.zY . 69054.0'247 4,5944/ _ 11771E 1 ,..„ . 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Nee*/ sztre-21m.ea 41(01C'4 457553114575531145755311 DENSE erRy nose IV '" 3020 •55 30.251,t?».50 .201-0 -1/ 2 6 29 :;',.0..9 Lf2E-ri .>'.,); 1177ZE ...,e,k,TH metar2- I .11....Y Wee& e. 371351, V X NT .2) 40 .9 4‘;d7585- 53- . te-es.es-..,5 eve :',2-.aere'ript!MeriAlem/E5 -.4... - re 7r7 Dew NE0/591 S.0411 70 law ARY AiNterf 41041.41 1 4e?.-.6-3m_c ■ ,75335) 1 *-9.744,24/ MACE 57E Ada/HT ) u 40-560-4015581i .-// 3f., .0.0 25 VERY S,L1.51. ertypeAet,rmi ?•£31Y NIFI2'c4171, LARGE Z4W NEON/0 4032 609‘.-- k81..w .s,c fit Wei' Alb« AT I IAl10097 ANCERY eEINY WI as 40 r. 30 190Z1 .-2301 63 23.; 0003 S.7"el eta &15fl h4qOm4 17A41L NI S41412 ,ete 1.e161.L4R &yawn Y LE *Wee SIP 5414a I MOLL .44191•NT J ,7)543tES4 en) 31- . .4,90:4417 ,95 235. . - . 5.49 .59- 40.5.. 30 Me 22-5C 63 e #-/ 705Ù 5.0 i5 30 ,1•.z5 2553 -95 N'l .. •• ,, 1 - . - - - - . ur sc- 20-50 105-63 00-50 25 00.9 -, 00.5q-7•9 85-94 21.25 6 /-17 G.Rit SLA3'729. NNW: 941513e4/ AW NE.91511 0/LOTU4N 844911 4041 rieMeite> 7,:iselt4., ,i4GiLE ,OtitTsz mete mete- T1 R /35:JERRY .ZE 05 , 55 4-0 30 91 2 5 8086 22.25 000.9 51E-2. 0.10 dur.rY SIVXII 511411V stma70511411e SNALL Ace 912f.ULAR.711. ,,"41.4e 1 5 50:10ZY 51. 4 113,71Y /4440 044T 4150/001 4/491041 .94096917 _ firseerrtAMO(M.7 St 55- 20 • 30-5 .90 25 .95,1 25,15 - 1 - - . - - - _ - .5 80 2040 •, 0-5 30 25 1/-52 315-25 - . X Ty 30 50 . . • , r5•0 430-29 - 95-1/ 26.301131.4 70 teLL.. 509.-.09.: uew Seel AM S4L4,1 SMALL I 27 611A,ErLARVUELY (3000 CRA.,511.41? A-45Cit41.5.,W44.51.£ E .4400997 41-010.40 ENOS ty SiTleyi Xi 70133 3e rev 50 •:" 3t3-40 /0-1-I 30 -31 FAIR 121.111 73 Li1.00,(Y: TOUGH 94411,41.00971 34411 445/731.49 VERY 4015 JZFL 09E3 500ARE eqr.v.ezei'l,ucrzfr writ /*yaw • STEFFY eo x so 85 40 re-ti .30-31 FAIR 701 us r eger moon, et« 1519' 541411 YU!' .171.4if..11.419 ire.' A0e" POOH erttattmt 9?AffkL99-17e48,15 44191149: 11771E tirrtE • 45/0091/018 55917 40-303013905' .0-5155 I/ 23528 GCOD Da/ elel: 81111)9V 1171.48Œ 54191.1 10 $.1451/10 4531V GRAAa(44 1M,E612* AY 0 AatioreigE11/0•41 1/175E exas Re* ITY10;0LAR AMWAY 70 TIME MVA6 • h , 70 scit4R.sE Chart 2. Classification for Byz-product Cokes according to their physical properties, employing Volatile Matter and "Swelling Index" at 600 0 C. of the coal.. A-13 • rate of combustion has a pronounced effect on the character of the coke produced during the operation of the stoker.... Some coals form hard dense coke masses, which fracture and break up much less readily than others. Other coals contract somewhat after initial coking, thereby causing fissures through the coke . masses.." It is obvious, therefore, that the evaluation of this sweliing - and coking property is very iMportant in determining the suitability of coals for Stoker use as well as for coke ma- ' nufacture. • Caking Index - • - It has been shown that those coals which are recogni- . zed as falling witnin the best coke prodUcing-class are more ca- pable of withstanding a higher mixture of-inert material and still yield .a carbonized residue of definite crushing strength than are the inferior coals. This phenomenon of 'caking' or 'agglutination' has been thoroughly studied, and methods have been.developed for the determination of the caking index. While these tests are of uncertain'value for the purpcee of assesàing a wide range of coals in their application to s the production of by7product coke, a.knowlodge of the caking index it of importance when itds desired to mix inert . carbonaceouà 'Material, or non- coking coal, with coking coals. . The method developed by Gray(21), in - which 25-gramme mixtures of coal and sand In varying'proportion are carbonized in curcibles at 950° C., has been àdopted'as a•atandard . at the Fuel Research Laboratories. The ratio of sand to coal, which on carbonization.will: form a sufficiently strong button to sup- port a weight of 500 grammes, is designated'as the 'caking in- dexl. The higher the caking index, the greater the caking pro- perties. According to Malleis(22), the afflutinating value test has generally been found to have value for special investigation such as detecting deterioration of coking properties of coal due to storage, but it seems to have little value as a reliable index of the probable caking or coking properties of a coal. Laboratory Washing Tests . Coal washing, generally speaking, depends on the dif- ferencè in the apecific gravities of the .coal and refuse, and this difference -has been used in the laboratory for many years by means of float-and-sink tests, to differentiate between these materials. By the sucoossile_separation of a coal at various gravities, washability curves- may be : constructed which will in- A-14 dicate for any given coal the theoretical ash'content . and yield of both clean coal and refuse Obtainable at,any choben gravity. • The data Obtained from such tests on li- inch slack,• the'details or which are shown in a sories .of tables in Chapter IV., were plotted according to the method outlined by Campbell(23) of the American Rheolaveur Corporation. To . these was added the 'specific gravity distribution' curve as suggested by Bird(24) of the Battelle Memorial Institute. The curves, as constructed, contain the following information: Curve 1, the cumulative foat ash per cent curve, repre- sents the variation of the ash. • CurVé 2, the variation in ash per cent of the material with variation in gravity at which the separation is made. Curve'3; "the "cumulativeSink per cent according - to the re- .covery as In Curve 1. , Cure 4, the variation in recoyery according to the speci- fic gravity. Curve 5, the +.10 specific gravity distribution curve, re- presents a measure of the comparative difficulty of separation according to specific gratfity at thefelected point of separa- t ion According to Bird,the degree'of difficulty of wet washing a ooal may be. predicted from the specific gravity dis- tribution. curve -, and its application to standard processes is-. summarized in the following table. . . • • ! wommw■ +.10 Curve Degree of Difficulty Preparation ....r....■••■••■■•■••■•• Per cent 0 - 7 Simple Almost any prpcess: high tonnage 7 - 10 Moderately difficult. Efficient process; high tonnage 10 - 15 Difficult Efficient process: medium ton- nage 15 - 20 Ve7cy difficult Efficient process: low tonnage 20 - 25 Exceedingly difficult Very M•ficient process; low tonnage Above 25 Formidable Limited to a few exceptionally effioint_processes. For the study of an'ordinary bituminous coal, 10 per cent on the curve is used, and the specific gravity representing this.poiut is usually selected for the '7...lotirg of a composite sample, the clean coal and refuse fractions of whioh are studied ••••.••■•••••■•••■•••••• A-15 for their various prope.rties. If a horizontal lino is drawn from this point on Curve 4 (specific gravity cuve), the points at which it cuts the other lines represent the followings Curve 1, the average ash per cent of the separated coal; Curve 2, the actual ash per cent of the heaViest piece of material left in the coal, and likewise the lightest . piece of material in the refuse; and Curve 3, the average ash per cent of the refuse extracted. REFERENCE CITED (1) 'Bennett, J.O.: "Broken Coal" - The Institute of Fuel, Vol, X, No. 49, pp. .22-29, 1936... . • - • _ _ _ (2) - Smith, "An Investigation of the Friability of Dif- ferent Coals" - University of Illinois Bulletin No. 196, 19.29. • . (3) Burrough,E,J.„; Strong, and Swartzmane .E.: "Method Now in:Uséthe Fuel Research Laboratories for.Determi- nation of Apparent Specific Gravity of - Coke" - R.I.C.S. 35, 1934 (not published) . . _ _ . • (4) Rosin, P.O.: "Influence of Particle Size in Processes of Fuel Technology" - The Institute of Fuel, Vol. XI, No. 55, pp. 26-41, 1937. (5) Gilmore, R.E., Nicolls, J.H.H., and Connell, G.P.: "Coal Friability Tests" - Canadian Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. 762 T 1935. (6) A.S.T.M. Standards on Coal and Coke - Prepared by Commit- tee D-5 On Coal and Coke, Oct_ber 1938. Published by Ame- rican Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. (7) von Rittinger, P.K.: "Lehbnch der Aufberichtungskunde" Berlin, 1867. (8) Buel Economist, Vol. 11, No. 132, p. 454, September 1936. (9) Bone, W.A.: "Coal and Its 3cientifie Uses" - Longmans Green & Company, Lonçon, 1918. (10) Grumell, E.S.: "The Evaluation of Coal, with Particular Reference to Small Coal for Steam Raising" - Institute of Fuel, Vol. VIII, No. 40, pp. 22G-224. (11) Selvig, W.A., and Fieldner, A.C.: "Fusibility of Ash From Coals of the United States" - U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulle- tin 209, 1932. (12) Nicholls, P., and Selvig, W.A.: "Clinker Formation as Re- lated to the Fusibility of Coal Ash" - U.S. Bureau of Mi- nes Bulletin 364, 1932. (13) Strong, LA., Swartzman, E., and Burrriugh, E.J.; "Labo- ratory Study of the Effect on the Fusibility of the Ash of Blending Emery Seam Coal With Coals from the Harbour and Phalen Seams" - R.I.C.S. 82, Fuel Research Laborato- ries, Canadian Bureau of Mines, (14) Thiessen, G., Ball, C.G., and Grotts. P.E.: Coal Ash and, ' Coal Mineral Matter" - industrial and EnginserIng .ehamis- try, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 355-361, 1936. (15) Powell, A.R.: "The Analysis of Sulphur Forms in Coal" - U.S. Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 254, 1921 (16) Heathcoat, F.: "The Estimation of Fusain" - Fuel in Science and Practice, Octdber 1930, p. 452. (17) Mott, R.A., and Wheeler, R.V.: "Cokes for Blast Furnaces" The Colliery Guardian Company Limited, London, 1930. (18) Stopes, M.O., and Wheeler, R.V.; "The Spontaneous Com- bustion of Coal" - Fuel in Science and Practice, Vol. II, No. 4, 1923. (19) Burrough, E.J., Swartzman, E., and Strong, R.A.: "Classi- fication of Coals Using Specific Volatile Index" - Cana- dian Bureau of Mines Publication No. 725-2, 1933. (20) Strong, R.A., Burrough, E.J., and Swartzman, E.: "A Labo- ratory Test on Coals for Predicting The Physical Proper- ties of the Resultant By-prpduct Coke" - Mines Branch Pu- blication No. 737-2. (21) Gray ! Thomas: "The Determination of the Caking Power of Coal ° - Fuel in Science and Practice, Vol. 2, p. 42, 1923. (22) Malleis, 0.0.: "Laboratory Tests Relating to Caking, Plastic, Gas - and Coke-makirg Properties of Bituminous Coals" - A.S.T.M. Symposium on Significance of Tests of Coal - Proceedings of A.S.T.M., Vol 37, 1937. (23) Campbell, J.R.: "Cleaning Bituminous Coal" - Proceedings of the 1928 World Power Conference held in the U.S.A. (24) Bird, B.M.: "Interpreration of Flcat and Sink Data" - Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Bituminous Coal, 1928, pp. 82-111.